1. THE SPACE AGE

2. The Space Race ( )
In the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States captured Germany rocketry, designs and personnel
World War to Cold War
Competition
Explore outer space with satellites
Send humans to space
Land humans on the Moon

3. Satellites Natural satellite = an object naturally occurring in orbit
Artificial satellite = an object put into orbit by human endeavour

4. Sputnik 1 First artificial satellite to orbit the Earth
Launched October 4, R-7 Rocket.
Marks the start of the Space Race
Caused fear and stirred political debate in the US
Eisenhower administration formed NASA

5. Explorer 1 Launched February 1, 1958. Jupiter-C rocket.
First USA Earth satellite
These first satellites were used for scientific purposes.
Sputnik: density of upper atmosphere
Explorer: discovery of Van Allen radiation belt

6. Schooling Impacts Effort to regain technological supremacy
National Defence Education Act
Revamp school curriculum
New school construction
Loans and fellowships for promising students
Vocational training
Other programs

7. Project SCORE Signal Communications Orbit Relay Equipment
World’s First communications satellite (USA)
Launched December 18, 1958
Relayed a Christmas message from President Eisenhower to the world
Atlas Missile used to launch SCORE

8. Animals in Space First animals = fruit flies
Launched by USA, 1946
German V-2 Rocket
First in orbit = dog named Laika
Launched by Soviet Union, 1957
Sputnik2
Never returned. Died from overheating and stress.

9. More Animals
Soviet dogs, Belka and Strelka, orbited the Earth and returned
Americans sent chimpanzees
Soviets sent turtles in First to orbit the moon.

10. Humans in Space
Soviets first to fulfill human spaceflight with own spaceship and launcher
First Human: Yuri Gagarin
Vostok 1
April 12, 1961
Orbited Earth for 108min

11. Humans in Space 23 days later, Alan Shepard entered space for the USA
Sub-orbital mission Freedom7
Less than 16min
Altitude of 187km

12. Humans in Space First American to orbit the Earth, John Glenn
February 20, 1962
Completed 3 orbits
Friendship7

13. Humans in Space More Soviet Firsts
First dual-manned flight: August 11, 1962
First woman: Valentina Tereshkova. June 16, 1963
First flight with more than 2 crew: October 12, 1964
First spacewalk: March 18, 1965

14. Lunar Missions
Before they could put a person on the Moon, unmanned spacecraft had to land safely.
Americans:
The Pioneer Program
The Ranger Program
The Lunar Orbiter Program
The robotic Surveyor Program (locate Apollo landing sites)
Soviets:
Luna 1 (January 1959), Luna 2 (September 1959)

15. The Apollo Program
Established in 1961 President Kennedy and V.P. Lyndon B. Johnson
Goal: manned moon-landing missions
December 21, 1968: James Lovell, Frank Borman and Bill Anders in Apollo 8 orbited the moon 10 times

16. The Apollo Program July 20, 1969. Apollo 11 mission
Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins
5 other Apollo missions have landed on the moon
Last in 1972

18. Since the end of the Race
Science and math education in school
Thousands of artificial satellites
Food sterilization and packaging techniques
Stay dry clothing, anti-fog goggles, scratch resistant glasses, athletic shoes, cordless tools, CAT scans and MRI

19. Since the end of the Race
April 12, 1981: USA Launched first reusable Spacecraft (space shuttle)
November 15, 1986: Soviet Union launched their first reusable spacecraft
November, 1998: Assembly of the ISS begins
October 15, 2003: China launched their first human spaceflight. Shenzhou 5.

20. Space Shuttles During the “Shuttle Era”, 6 orbiters were built
Enterprise: approach & landing tests only
Columbia: first to fly into space. Broke-up during re-entry Feb 2003.
Challenger: lost in January 1986
Discovery
Atlantis
Endeavor: built to replace Challenger