1. Biogeochemical Cycles
SC.912.E.7.1
HOW ARE WATER AND CARBON RECYCLED?

2. Bellringer 1
The diagram below shows the flow of carbon in a terrestrial ecosystem. 
Which will most likely happen if the decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle? 
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will decrease.
The amount of carbon dioxide used by producers will increase.
The amount of carbon dioxide needed by consumers will decrease.

3. Bellringer 2
In a process called transpiration, plants get rid of excess water through pores in the leaves called stomata. This excess water is then released into the atmosphere as part of the water cycle. Which of the following terms best describes how the released water enters the atmosphere? A. condensation B. precipitation C. evaporation D. capillary action

4. Energy flows through… producers (plants) sun secondary consumers
(carnivores)
loss of energy
sun
loss of energy
primary consumers
(herbivores)
Use this slide to review the flow of energy and the 10% rule. Allow students to tell you what they remember. (activate prior knowledge)
loss of energy
producers (plants)

5. Nutrients cycle around… through decomposers
consumers
decomposers
producers
Talking points:
Producers get nutrients from the soil
When producers die decomposers break them down and redeposit them into the soil
When producers are eaten by consumers the nutrients are transferred to the consumers
When consumers die they are broken down by decomposers and their nutrients are re-deposited into the soil.
We will focus only the cycling of carbon and water. The other nutrient are present in the slide to indicate to students that nutrients other then carbon cycle but are not addressed by the item specifications.
Also use this slide to reinforce food webs.
phosphorus
potassium
iron
carbon
nitrogen
soil
magnesium
calcium

6. Energy flows Nutrients cycle
loss of energy
sun
secondary consumers
(carnivores)
decomposers
loss of energy
primary consumers
(herbivores)
Talking points:
Energy flow and nutrient cycling co-exist/ happen simultaneously.
loss of energy
producers (plants)
soil
soil

7. Condensation
Condensation
PRECIPITATION
Transpiration
Surface Run-off
Evaporation
Ground Run-off
Collection

8. Water Cycle Water gets to the atmosphere by:
Evaporation – heat from the sun
Transpiration – movement of water through a plants
Sublimation – snow and ice converting to water vapor
Water leaves the atmosphere by:
Condensation - water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water (formation of clouds)
Precipitation - water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail.

9. Transpiration Review Remember transpiration?
Review Xylem, Phloem, stomata, photosynthesis, cohesion/adhesion. The goal is to probe the students for prior knowledge allow them to generate the meaning of the words and how they relate to transpiration.

10. Disruptions in the Water Cycle
Think and Discuss
Disruptions in the Water Cycle
Describe how the following impact the water cycle:
Destruction of forests
Pollution of lakes and streams
Fertilizing and runoff
Increased temperatures
Why would we need government policy to limit human impact on the water cycle?
Describe policies (laws/rules) related to the water cycle you may know about.
How could changes in the water cycle impact YOU?
Make sure that the students understand that a disruption in the cycle effect the entire cycle not just the portion that is directly effecting.

11. CO2 in the air Combustion CO2 released Absorb CO2 Respiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Factories burn
Fossil fuels
Feeding
CARBON in
soil
Death and
DECOMPOSE!

12. Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide:
Volcanic activity
Respiration
Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels
Decomposition of
organic material.
Plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere for photosynthesis and release O2
Animals remove O2 from the atmosphere for cellular respiration and release CO2
Make sure that the students understand that a disruption in the cycle effect the entire cycle not just the portion that is directly effecting.

13. Carbon cycle abiotic reservoir: CO2 in atmosphere enter food chain:
photosynthesis = carbon fixation in Calvin cycle
return to abiotic:
Cellular respiration
combustion
Carbon cycle
CO2 in
atmosphere
Diffusion
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Plants and algae
Plants
Animals
Industry and home
Combustion of fuels
Carbonates in sediment
Bicarbonates
Deposition of
dead material
Deposition
of dead
material
Fossil fuels
(oil, gas, coal)
Dissolved CO2
Review meaning of words; aquifer, biotic, abiotic, and reservoir. The goal is to probe the students for prior knowledge allow them to generate the meaning of the words and how they relate to the carbon cycle.

14. Disruptions in the Carbon Cycle
Think and Discuss
Disruptions in the Carbon Cycle
Describe how the following impact the carbon cycle:
Destruction of forests
Burning of fossil fuels
Increased emissions in factories and automobiles
Removal of decomposers
How could changes in the carbon cycle impact YOU?
Why would we need government policy to limit human impact on the water cycle?
Describe policies (laws/rules) related to the water cycle you may know about.
Make sure that the students understand that a disruption in the cycle effect the entire cycle not just the portion that is directly effecting.

15. Answer Bellringer 1 – Retry
The diagram below shows the flow of carbon in a terrestrial ecosystem. 
Which will most likely happen if the decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle? 
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will decrease.
The amount of carbon dioxide used by producers will increase.
The amount of carbon dioxide needed by consumers will decrease.
Answer: B

16. Answer Bellringer 2 – Retry
In a process called transpiration, plants get rid of excess water through pores in the leaves called stomata. This excess water is then released into the atmosphere as part of the water cycle. Which of the following terms best describes how the released water enters the atmosphere? A. condensation B. precipitation C. Evaporation (transpiration is a type of evaporation!) D. capillary action
Answer: C

17. Exit Ticket #1
The framework of organic molecules essential to all organisms is composed mainly of carbon atoms. Which processes are involved in the cycling of carbon within an environment? 
photosynthesis and respiration
evaporation and condensation
THIS IS WATER CYCLE
transcription and translation
THIS IS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
diffusion and transpiration
THIS IS NOTHING 
Answer: A

18. Exit Ticket #2
A graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time is shown below.
Scientists are investigating the cause of the large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration since about Which of the following provides the best explanation for the increase?
eruptions of large volcanoes
use of fossil fuels by humans
natural fluctuations of climate
photosynthesis by phytoplankton
Answer: B

19. Exit Ticket #3 The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle.
If many trees are removed from a forest by logging, what is the most immediate effect on the carbon cycle in that forest?
increase in the rates of decomposition
increase in the rates of atmospheric carbon dioxide
decreased combustion of fossil fuel
increase production of organic compounds
Answer: B

20. The good, the bad and the ugly….
Essential Question:
How is the environment
affected by humans?
The good, the bad and the ugly….

21. Bell Ringer
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to
A. reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
B. increase the rate of air pollution.
C. reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms.
D. cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.

22. Bell Ringer
Salt water is an abundant resource but is unusable for irrigation and drinking. As demands on freshwater sources increase, the use of desalination processes to remove salt from ocean water is increasing. A concern of desalinating water is the large amounts of recovered salts that are returned to the ocean. Which of the following describes the most likely impact of desalination on the surrounding ocean environment?
Methane gas would pollute the ocean environment as shoreline organisms begin to die and decay.
B. Alteration in ocean salt levels would cause loss of species and unbalanced populations in marine food webs.
C. Nonrenewable resources in the ocean environment would become depleted and upset the ecosystem’s balance.
D. Increased levels of salts and minerals in the ocean would result in overpopulation of marine bivalves due to strengthened shells.

23. Advantages and Disadvantages of using:
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
-Solar Power
-Windmills
-Water Power
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, gas)
Burning Wood
Nuclear Energy
Advantages:
*Can be replenished!
*More environmentally friendly!
Disadvantage:
* Can be more costly than non-renewable resources
Advantage: It is cheaper.
*Will eventually run out once its gone.
*Contributes to climate change by releasing extra carbon (greenhouse gasses)

24. NEGATIVE IMPACTS FROM HUMANS
NEGATIVE HUMAN INVOLVEMENT
Impact on the environment
*DEFORESTATION – cutting down trees and clearing land
Cutting down trees = soil erosion = less trees!
Less CO2 from the air absorbed = contributes to greenhouse gasses! (climate change)
*Use of NON-RENEWABLE resources
Burning fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) and wood RELEASE MORE CARBON into the air! = contributes to the greenhouse effect!
Mining for raw minerals
Loss of land and habitats = loss of biodiversity!
Cars and factories
Air and water pollution = loss of biodiversity!

25. SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES WE CAN USE!
WHAT CAN WE DO TO BE BETTER?
Impact on the environment
*USE RENEWABLE RESOURCES
*environmentally friendlier
*can be replenished
*Buy LOCAL
Minimal transportation needed = less burning of gas in your vehicles = less CO2 emitted!
*Sustainable Agriculture
Use of smaller amounts of pesticides, fertilizers, water, and energy during food production
*Recycle!
Reduce use of petroleum, water, wood, and nonrenewable resources
Urban Planning
Use more mass transportation, build UP, create habitats with parks

26. A. reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
Bell Ringer
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to
A. reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
B. increase the rate of air pollution.
C. reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms.
D. cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.
Answer: A

27. Bell Ringer
Salt water is an abundant resource but is unusable for irrigation and drinking. As demands on freshwater sources increase, the use of desalination processes to remove salt from ocean water is increasing. A concern of desalinating water is the large amounts of recovered salts that are returned to the ocean. Which of the following describes the most likely impact of desalination on the surrounding ocean environment?
A. Methane gas would pollute the ocean environment as shoreline organisms begin to die and decay.
B. Alteration in ocean salt levels would cause loss of species and unbalanced populations in marine food webs.
C. Nonrenewable resources in the ocean environment would become depleted and upset the ecosystem’s balance.
D. Increased levels of salts and minerals in the ocean would result in overpopulation of marine bivalves due to strengthened shells.
Answer: B

28. Exit slip
Whaling was a very profitable profession until whale populations crashed. The global community came together to enact a ban on whaling. However, Japan and Norway have not agreed to stop whaling. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of their decision?
A. The whale populations are bouncing back very successfully and are unaffected by Japan and Norway continuing to whale.
B. The whale populations are not rebounding as quickly as they might if all of the countries agreed not to hunt whales. 
C. The whale populations have mutated into new kinds of organisms.
D. The whales are getting better at avoiding capture. 

29. Exit slip
When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae in a process called eutrophication. How can this process affect other organisms in the water? 
A. Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms. 
B. The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms.
C. The algae provide food for fishes and other organisms, leading to decreased algae populations. 
D. The extra nitrogen provides additional food for the other organisms, increasing their population.

30. Exit slip
DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers from existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations of DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned. 
This information shows that:
A. DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer.
B. it takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier.
C. precipitation helps to break down pesticides.
D. the decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.