1. Warm-up: Name the Confederate States in red

2. The Why & How of Reconstruction?

3. Civil War
Started out as a conflict over states’ rights and ended up with the issue of slavery
North had more resources and more military
South had good leaders but limited military & resources
North won and then had to decide how it was going to “reconstruct” the South

4. Conditions After the War
South
Property worthless
Confederate $$ worthless
Railroads & farm industry ruined
Cotton crops destroyed or seized
Lost 1/5 of adult male population (260,000)
Loss of labor force with freeing of slaves
Totally in ruins---would have to rebuild entire infrastructure
North
Government  Business
Planter elite loses power
364,000 men lost
Union preserved
Congress centralized national power

5. Major Issues After the War
On what basis should the Confederate states be brought back into the Union?
How should the Southern whites be treated?
What should be done for the freed slaves?

6. On April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
Presidential Reconstruction
On April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
Southerners had to:
Swear allegiance to the United States
Accept the 13th Amendment, which ended slavery (something both Lincoln & Johnson insisted on)
Andrew Johnson, his successor, favored a moderate Reconstruction plan and promised to uphold states’ rights over federal regulation

7. Congressional Reconstruction
Most Republicans in Congress were moderates
Wanted to restore Southern states to the Union
Keep former Confederates out of government
Give southern African Americans some civil equalities but not the vote (which many Northerners agreed with)
Race riots in Memphis and New Orleans pulled congressional republicans together
1866 elections saw many Northerners voting in “radical” republicans
Radical Republicans believed Presidential Reconstruction was a threat to Congressional authority
Wanted African Americans to have full citizens’ rights
Wanted harsher reorganization of the South
Wanted supremacy of federal laws over states’ laws
Northern voters sympathized with the radicals

8. Presidential Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction
Reconstruction Plans
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction
According to this plan, what did former confederate states have to do to be readmitted to the Union?
What happened to former Confederate leaders under this plan?
Under this plan, how would the government help freedmen? What political rights would freedmen have?
How did Southerners react to this plan?
How did Northerners react to the plan?

9. Activity: