1. Check and Balance Partner Work (Plans for a New Government)
Agenda, 8/30/17
Bell Work: Knowing the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, what do you believe was a major issue with creating a new Constitution?
Notes/ Guided Sheet
Check and Balance Partner Work (Plans for a New Government)
Exit Ticket

2. Creating & Ratifying the U.S. Constitution

3. State Standards
GC.5 Summarize (CC) with supporting evidence why the Founding Fathers established a constitutional system that limited the power of government. (H, P)

4. Objectives
What were the plans, compromises and opposing sides behind the creation and ratification of the Constitution?

5. Creating the Constitution
May 25 to September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia.
Group of delegates were called the Framers.
Original intent of the convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, but Framers agreed to create a whole new Constitution.

6. Creating the Constitution
Each state had one vote on issues.
A majority was necessary to pass any proposal.
The Framers agreed to have a rule of secrecy to avoid outside pressures.
Constitution was approved on Sept. 17, 1787.

7. Confederation vs. Federal System
Articles of Confederation
U.S. Constitution

8. What were the plans and how did they compromise?
With your partners complete section of the notes sheet with the details of the following plans
New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
Compromises
Connecticut Compromise
3/5th compromise
Commerce and Slave Trade compromise
Utilize textbooks, pages 52 to 58
Be detailed……
10 minutes individual work/ pair with your check and balance partner

9. Group share and Rotation
The check partner will rotate from their partnership to the next and share, discuss the concept with the new partner.
Move again….
Move again until all topics have been discussed.
Come back together as a class and discuss

10. Exit Ticket
List two things that seem very important in the quest for draft a new Constitution…

11. Agenda Thursday 8/31/17
Bell work: NONE (mark an X through today, there will be an exit ticket)
Quickly get out your notes from Group work yesterday. Get back in original groups.
Finish Round Robin Rotations
Full Class Discussion of all Plans from the Philadelphia Convention…..
Exit Ticket
Quiz Tuesday: Articles of Confederation and Ratification of Constitution.

12. Objectives
What were the plans, compromises and opposing sides behind the creation and ratification of the Constitution?

13. State Standards
GC.5 Summarize (CC) with supporting evidence why the Founding Fathers established a constitutional system that limited the power of government. (H, P)

14. Creating the Constitution
During the convention, two initial plans for a constitution were drafted:
- Virginia Plan
- New Jersey Plan
Three compromises resulted from these plans:
- Connecticut Compromise
- Three-Fifths Compromise
- Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

15. Virginia Plan 3 separate branches of government
Representation based on population or wealth of State
Veto power over state laws
Type of States that it benefited?

16. New Jersey Plan States equally represented (one vote per State)
Limited power to tax and regulate trade
Type of States that it benefited?

17. Connecticut Compromise (“Great Compromise”)
Bicameral Congress
- House: representation based on population
- Senate: equal number for each State
Type of States that it benefited?

19. Three-Fifths Compromise
Northern States: taxation & representation based on population
Southern States: same + 3 out of 5 slaves were counted as population toward representation & taxation
Type of States that it benefited?

20. 3/5ths Compromise – Time for Role Play

21. Name the top three states that benefitted in terms of the representative vote due to owing slaves ?

23. Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise
Congress can not tax exports and pass laws against slave trade for at least 20 years.
Type of States that it benefited?

24. What were the three main issues discussed during the Philadelphia Convention?
Slavery
Taxation
State representation
Other issues: powers of each branch, term limits, interstate relations
Omitted Issues: women’s rights

25. Ratifying the Constitution
Once the Constitution was approved, it had to be sent to the States for ratification
9 out of 13 States had to agree
Despite getting nine votes,
everyone knew that
without VA and NY
the government would
not succeed

26. If done early…. Let’s watch this video

27. Exit Question Based on the information discussed with your classmates…
What was the most pivotal idea that helped the Constitution move toward Ratification?

28. Agenda 9/1/17 Friday
Bell work: Explain one reason, why was the ratification of the Constitution was challenging for the Framers.
Federalist v. Antifederalist
Primary Source Excerpts
Venn Diagram

29. What do you think?
Was ratification a struggle? Why or why not?

30. Check and Balance Partners
Complete Federalist v. Antifederalist Venn Diagram Chart
How alike and Different
Quick Review----
New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
Compromises
Connecticut Compromise
3/5th compromise
Commerce and Slave Trade compromise
Ratification ?????
Easy or difficult despite all these plans and compromises?????

31. Federalist v. Antifederalist

32. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

33. Federalists Anti-Federalists
Favored Constitution
Believed that a strong national government was needed to solve the country’s problems
(Led by Alexander Hamilton & James Madison)
Anti-Federalists
Opposed Constitution
Believed Constitution gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the States
Wanted a Bill of Rights to protect individual freedoms
(Led by Patrick Henry and John Hancock)

34. U.S. Constitution =
a balance between central/federal/national power and states’ rights

35. Ratifying the Constitution
The Federalist Papers were written to convince voters to support the new Constitution
Eventually, the Constitution was ratified and New York was chosen as temporary capital
George Washington was elected President and John Adams became Vice-President

36. The Federalist Papers – The written Propaganda begins
Just watch 5 minute video
About 15 minutes
What did Madison say? Write down at least two important items
What did Hamilton say? Write down at least two important items

37. Federalist Paper #10
“Federalist 10 is part of a remarkable public discussion, spawned by the ratification debates, between Federalists and Antifederalists on the nature of republican government. Many Antifederalists believed that the Constitution would lead to a large, consolidated nation and abolish the republican governments in the states, which in turn would lead to violations of the rights of citizens. Madison turned that argument on its head by pointing out that in republican governments, in which the majority must rule, an all-powerful majority often sacrifices the natural rights of the minority to their own selfish interests. Tyranny was just as possible in republican governments as under monarchies; and smaller republics — that is, republics the size of the American states — were especially prone to the danger of majority faction. Some remedy for this “mortal disease” must be found, Madison argued, if we are to have a republic in which the natural rights of all, including the minority, are protected.”

38. What was Madison worried about?
Questions for consideration: How does Madison define a faction? What two things may be done to eliminate the causes of faction, and why does Madison reject them? What aspects of a republic make it prone to faction, but less susceptible than a democracy? What advantages does a large republic have over a small one for preventing and controlling the effects of majority faction?

39. Two Solutions – Can we do either one?
Madison wrote in Federalist #10:
“There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: The one, by removing its causes; the other, by controling its effects.
There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: The one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests.”

40. Federalist Paper #51
“James Madison, like most Americans at the time, understood that once a single branch of government — legislative, executive or judicial — had accumulated all political power in its hands, nothing could stop it from acting tyrannically. The checks and balances between the branches built into the proposed Constitution, he explained in Federalist 51, are therefore essential to keep those powers properly separated among the branches. In the midst of explaining these “inventions of prudence,” Madison offered thoughtful reflections on why human nature makes politics — especially the great task of framing a government comprised of men rather than angels — so challenging.”

41. Are Three Branches Important?
Questions for consideration: What is the best way to keep the powers of government properly separated among the branches in practice? Why is framing a good government made difficult by human nature? What are the two possible sources of oppression and what remedies does Madison propose to prevent them?

42. What could be an issue?
Madison wrote: “First. In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people, is submitted to the administration of a single government; and the usurpations are guarded against, by a division of the government into distinct and separate departments. In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people, is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other; at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.”

43. Hard to make everyone happy!
“Second. It is of great importance in a republic, not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers; but to guard one part of the society against the injustice of the other part. Different interests necessarily exist in different classes of citizens. If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure. There are but two methods of providing against this evil: the one, by creating a will in the community independent of the majority, that is, of the society itself; the other, by comprehending in the society so many separate descriptions of citizens, as will render an unjust combination of a majority of the whole very improbable, if not impracticable.”

44. Federalist Paper #78
"We proceed now to an examination of the judiciary department of the proposed government." So begins Federalist, no. 78, the first of six essays by Alexander Hamilton on the role of the judiciary in the government established by the U.S. Constitution. Hamilton made two principal points in the essay. First, he argued for the independence of the judiciary from the other two branches of government, the executive and the legislative. In presenting a case for the judiciary, he reached his second major conclusion: that the judiciary must be empowered to strike down laws passed by Congress that it deems "contrary to the manifest tenor of the Constitution." dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Federalist,+No.+78,+and+the +Power+of+the+Judiciary

45. AGENDA 9/5/17
Bell Work: Would you support the Federalist or Anti- Federalist view during the ratification process? Give me at least two details, why.
Complete discuss/ class involvement Federalist V. Antifederalist
Activity… Chatter, Chatter, Chatter…. ( Check and Balance Partners) We will share out. 30 points
Quiz Tomorrow.

46. Ratification - Federalists
Federalists stressed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and campaigned for the ratification of the new Constitution. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton were among their leaders. Think Federalist Papers.

47. Ratification - Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalists attacked the Constitution and argued against its ratification. They worried about having a central government and noted how it did not have a bill of rights, or a list of basic liberties.
Its leaders included Patrick Henry, John Hancock and Samuel Adams.
“I look upon that paper as the most fatal plan that could possibly be conceived to enslave a free people.” - Patrick Henry

51. Let’s Tweet .. With a hash tag!
Write a tweet and a hashtag that Might have come from a Federalist during the Ratification process
Write a tweet and hashtag that Might have come from and Anti- Federalists during the Ratification process
Write them on the large sheets on the board

52. Conclusion
What compromises could you make to gain support from the other side?
If the 1787 Constitution were presented today, would it be ratified? Why or Why not?
What issues are the same now as in 1787?
What issues are different?

53. EXIT TICKET
Based on your bell work response… now take the other side… How you support the opposite view for support during the ratification of the Constitution. Give me details why?

54. Review for Quiz Tuesday
Articles of Confederation
What the document and how as it structured
Weakness of this document
Who held the power of the government
Philadelphia Convention (three main issues discussed)
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
The compromises
- Connecticut Compromise
- Three-Fifths Compromise
- Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Federalist
Antifederalist
Federalist Papers
First national capital
First President and Vice President
LOOK!
TAKE PICTURE NOW!

55. AGENDA 9/6/17 Tuesday
Bell work: None Today….. Review for Quiz (Quietly and Focused)
QUIZ:
Articles of Confederation
What the document and how as it structured
Weakness of this document
Who held the power of the government
Philadelphia Convention (three main issues discussed)
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
The compromises
- Connecticut Compromise
- Three-Fifths Compromise
- Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Federalist
Antifederalist
Federalist Papers
First national capital
First President and Vice President
AFTER QUIZ
REAL CITIZENSJHIP PRETEST
DON’T FREAK OUT…. YOU will NOT get them all right.

56. After Quiz: Work on Constitution Scavenger Hunt
Agenda 9/6/17
Bell Work: NONE (Quickly 10 minutes only Check and balance Partner
Finish Chatter, Chatter, Chatter
Write at least two #hash tags on the TRENDING NOW…… Turn in to folder
Quiz: AOC and Ratification of Constitution
After Quiz: Work on Constitution Scavenger Hunt
Cell phone if on topic
Otherwise grab a book