1. Graphic Organizer 8.2a onto Portfolio p27 Copy into your notebook
Write the following in each box showing how one lead to the next: Constitutional Convention; New Jersey Plan; Annapolis Convention; Virginia Plan; Great Compromise; Amend or replace the Articles?

2. Lesson 8.2: The Constitutional Convention

3. Essential Question
What lead to a Constitutional Conventional and what compromises had to be in order to establish a new government?

4. VOCABULARY convention:
a large group of people who come together for a common purpose
amend:
to make a change to something, especially a written document
delegate:
a person who is chosen to speak or act for others.
tariff:
a government tax on goods

5. VOCABULARY II compromise:
settlement of differences in which each side gives up part of what they want
bicameral:
having two legislative chambers, houses or branches.
interpret:
to decide on or explain the meaning of.
supersede:
to take over the position of influence, or replace

6. What We Already Know
Americans had just fought a war against a government that was so strong that it threatened their rights. The Articles of Confederation therefore were intentionally
enacted to establish a weak central government that could not threaten the rights of the people.

7. What We Already Know
In 1787, Shays’ Rebellion showed just how the Articles of Confederation left the national government weak and ineffective, unable to deal with any crisis.

8. The Annapolis Convention
By 1787, America was in a tough time trying to grow the economy. One problem was trade between the states. If a barrel maker in Connecticut wanted to sell his barrels in New York, he would
have to pay a tax, or tariff. This was true for all products shipped between the states. It was one way states made money.

9. The Annapolis Convention
These tariffs, discouraged trade and raised prices. In 1786, a convention was called for ways to promote interstate
trade in order to help the economies of all the states.

10. The Annapolis Convention
The convention was held at Mann’s Tavern in Annapolis, Maryland. Only five states had delegates able to attended.

11. The Annapolis Convention
Changes in interstate trade required amending the Articles of Confederation, because the national government had been granted no power to regulate trade among the states.

12. The Annapolis Convention
At the he Annapolis Convention delegates, lead by Alexander Hamilton, urged representatives to go to
Philadelphia to discuss the need for changes to the Articles of
Confederation.

13. The Constitutional Convention
Many people opposed making any changes to the Articles of Confederation, but recalling how quickly Shay’s rebellion spread and fearing the occurrence of a
similar uprising, twelve states sent delegates to Philadelphia in 1787.

14. Why did five states send delegates to the Annapolis Convention?
A. To amend the Articles of Confederation.
B. To discuss the impact of Shays' Rebellion on the central government.
C. To discuss ways to promote interstate trade.
D. To create a plan of action for the Constitutional Convention.

15. Why was it necessary to call a new convention after Annapolis?
A. The Annapolis Convention delegates recommended another convention to amend the Articles of Confederation.
B. The Annapolis delegates created the new Constitution to replace the Articles.
C. The Bill of Rights was written at the Annapolis Convention to be added to the Constitution.
D. Federalists and Antifederalists argued about how strong the new government should be.

16. (Choose all that are correct.)
What was the relationship between the Annapolis Convention and the Constitutional Convention?
A. Only five states were represented in Annapolis.
B. Congress met in Philadelphia and not in Annapolis.
C. The Articles of Confederation prevented the delegates in Annapolis from making any trade agreements between the states.
D. Trade agreements had to be agreed upon by the Supreme Court which met in Philadelphia.
(Choose all that are correct.)

17. The Convention Delegates
Fifty-five delegates came to the Constitutional Convention.
About three-fourths also had been delegates to the Continental Congress.

18. The Convention Delegates
Many of the delegates had been members of their state legislatures and had helped write their state constitutions.
Along with other leaders of the time, these delegates are called the Founding Fathers, of the United States.

19. Be prepared to share your answers
A and B Discuss
The men who shaped our government at the Constitutional Convention as well as other leaders at the time have been called our Founding Fathers. How many can you name?
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.

20. Get your sticks ready.

21. The Convention Delegates
Three men who were to have a large role in the Constitutional Convention were George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and James Madison.

22. The Convention Delegates
As you will see, James Madison played a major role at Constitutional Convention. Not only did he come well prepared for the meeting
having read over one hundred
books on government; much of what we know about the convention is due to the careful notes Madison took of the proceedings.

23. The Convention Delegates
Three great leaders of the young country who were not in attendance at the Constitutional Convention were Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and
John Adams.

24. Get your sticks ready.

25. (Choose all that are correct.)
Which of the men, considered as a founding father, did not attend the Constitutional Convention?
A. Patrick Henry
B. George Washington
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Ben Franklin
E. James Madison
F. John Adams
(Choose all that are correct.)

26. (Choose all that apply.)
A tariff…
A. is a government tax on goods.
B. hurts trade and raises prices.
C. had to have the approval of Congress according to the Articles of Confederation
D. only applied to goods traveling by land, not by sea
E. was used by states to raise revenue.
(Choose all that apply.)

27. Where Are We Lexington and Concord 1775 Articles of Confederation 1777
Annapolis
Convention
1786
Constitutional
Convention
1787
1774
1778
1782
1786
1790
American Revolution
Declaration of
Independence
1776
Treaty of
Paris
1783
Shays’
Rebellion
1787

28. The Constitutional Convention
In 1787 delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia. The first order of business was to elect a president for the convention.
George Washington was elected unanimously. His quiet and dignified leadership set a solemn and serious tone for the convention

29. The Constitutional Convention
The delegates to the Convention wanted to be able to consider all ideas and to be able to change sides in any debate without being pressured by the politics of the day.

30. The Constitutional Convention
The delegates also knew that many Americans were fearful of a strong
government. If the public knew they were trying to create a new, stronger government, there might be protests or even violence.

31. The Constitutional Convention
For these reasons, it was decided that their discussions would remain secret.
For these reasons, they decided that their discussions would remain secret.
Guards were posted outside the door to keep away the curious.

32. The Constitutional Convention
With a secrecy agreement in place, the first order of business was to decide whether to amend or replace the Articles of Confederation and form a new government.

33. The Constitutional Convention
Fresh on the minds of the delegates was Shays’ Rebellion, an armed uprising of common farmers that nearly meant disaster for the nation.

34. The Constitutional Convention
It became obvious that what was needed was a new government that was strong enough to protect people’s rights, but not
too strong so it
could still be
controlled by
the people.

35. The Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was crafted mostly by James Madison and presented by Edmund Randolf, the Governor of Virginia at that time.

36. The Virginia Plan called for three branches of government.
Legislative Branch which made the laws.
Executive Branch which enforced the laws.
Judicial Branch which interpret the laws.

37. The Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan proposed a legislature with two houses.
In both houses, the number of representatives from each state would be based on the state’s population or its wealth.
A legislature divided into two houses is called a bicameral legislature.

38. The Constitutional Convention
Unlike the government under the Articles of Confederation, the Virginia Plan proposed Congress would have the
power to levy taxes, regulate
commerce, and make laws.

39. Be prepared to share your answers
A and B Discuss
Why do you think the Virginia Plan divided the government into three branches. And then divided the Legislature into two more branches?
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.

40. The New Jersey Plan
Small states objected to the Virginia Plan. Their concern was that the larger states would end up ruling the other states.
William Paterson of New Jersey proposed a plan with a one house legislature with each state getting one vote.

41. The New Jersey Plan The Virginia Plan led to weeks of debate.
States with larger populations supported
the plan since it would give them greater representation in the legislature.

42. The New Jersey Plan
There were several parts of the New Jersey Plan, but perhaps the most significant, and controversial, was that the laws of the Federal Government would be the supreme law of the land and no state law could supersede it.
wipe

43. Get your sticks ready.

44. For each of the following hold up a red stick for the Virginia Plan or a blue stick for the New Jersey Plan.
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan.

45. This plan was favored by the larger states.
Virginia Plan

46. This plan called for three branches of government; the legislative, executive and judicial.
Virginia Plan

47. The most controversial part of this plan proposed that federal laws would supersede any state law.
New Jersey Plan.

48. This plan gave each state an equal vote in Congress.
New Jersey Plan.

49. This plan called for a bicameral (two houses) legislature.
Virginia Plan

50. The Great Compromise
During the sweltering months of June the delegates argued and debated over representation in the legislative branch
of the government.
In desperation, they selected a committee of one delegate from each state to work out a compromise.

51. The Great Compromise
By June 29 of 1787 an agreement was reached between the larger and smaller states. The compromise was originally referred to as the Connecticut Compromise, because Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, both delegates from Connecticut, played a major role in bringing the two sides together.

52. The Great Compromise
More commonly known as the Great Compromise the Legislative branch was divided into two houses (bicameral).
The first house would be called the Senate in which two delegates from each state would be elected.

53. The Great Compromise
The second house would be the House of Representatives. The number of representatives elected to the House of Representatives would be decided by population. One representative for
every 40,000 inhabitants. The two houses together are called Congress.

54. Did you know
The Great Compromise has worked for the past 200 years. Like every state, California has only two Senators. But because of our large population we have
the most members in the House of Representatives (55). Texas is 2nd with 34 and New York is 3rd with 31.

55. Get your sticks ready.

56. (Choose all that are correct.)
How did the Great Compromise settle the issue of representation in the legislature?
A. It created a House of Representatives that would be based on state populations.
B. It created a Senate in which each state would give each state an equal number of votes.
C. It ended the controversy of how slaves should be counted for representation.
D. It created a third house of Congress to create a balance between large and small states.
(Choose all that are correct.)

57. The Great Compromise was original known as…
A. The Three – Fifths Compromise.
B. The Compromise of 1787
C. The Connecticut Compromise
D. The New Jersey Plan.
E. The Proclamation Line of 1763

58. Be prepared to share your answers
A and B Discuss
The Connecticut Compromise became more commonly known as the Great Compromise. Why do you think the name change came about?
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.

59. Question of Slaves
Because representation in the House of Representatives would be based on the population of each state, the delegates had to decide who would be counted in that population.

60. Question of Slaves
Southern states wanted the slaves to be counted as part of the general population for representation, but not for taxation.

61. Question of Slaves
The Northern states argued just the opposite saying that slaves were property, not citizens, and should not be
counted for
representation, but
should be counted
for taxation

62. The Three Fifths Compromise
Under this compromise, three-fifths of the slave population would be counted when setting direct taxes on the states. This
three-fifths ratio also would be used to determine representation in the House of Representatives.

63. The Three Fifths Compromise
The Three-Fifths Compromise did not outlaw slavery. By 1787 many states had banned the import of new slaves from Africa. While many
Northerners wanted to see this ban extended to the rest of the nation,
Southern slaveholders strongly disagreed.

64. The Three Fifths Compromise
The delegates from South Carolina and Georgia stated that they would never accept any plan “unless their right to import slaves be
untouched.”

65. The Three Fifths Compromise
Again, a compromise was reached. On August 29, it was agreed that Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808

66. The Three Fifths Compromise
This ban on laws limiting the slave trade was the only limit placed on Congress’ power to regulate trade.

67. Get your sticks ready.

68. (Choose all that are correct.)
How did the Constitutional Convention reach a compromise on the issue of slavery?
A. Slaves would be freed when they reached the age of 30.
B. Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for representation in Congress.
C. Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for taxation.
D. The importation of slaves could not be restricted until 1808.
(Choose all that are correct.)

69. According to the new Constitution, who had the power to regulate trade?
A. The Federal Trade Commission
B. Congress
C. The president
D. The Secretary of State

70. Be prepared to share your answers
A and B Discuss
Why were the Southern states so unwilling to give up their slaves? Did the delegates do the right thing in agreeing to the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.