1. Progressives

2. What is a Progressive? A progressive is a person that is trying to:
Protect social welfare
Improves moral improvement
Creates economic reform
Fosters efficiency
Muckraker- a person that writes/shows where the problems are but does not have an answer on how to fix the issue

3. Social Welfare
Helps people around them: (poor, working conditions, etc.)
Places to help:
Settlement houses (Hull House)
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) allowed people to read, had classes, allowed for physical development.

4. Moral Improvement Morality improved the lives of poor people.
Prohibition- banned alcoholic beverages
Led people to bad decisions and spending all of their money
Key People: Carry A. Nation wanted to end alcoholism and carried a hatchet into saloons.

5. Economic Reform Define capitalism:
Problems:
Positives
People questioned the fairness of the economic system.
Socialism- is the belief major companies are owned by the government and not by individuals
Positives:
Key person: Eugene V. Debs created the Socialist Party

6. Fostering Efficiency Wanted to make the workplace more efficient
“More bang for your buck.”
Scientific Management- application of science to get a better response in production
Example:
Unions: Groups that would support workers by giving a better salaries, benefits, and work place conditions.
Louis Brandeis- helped Unions to limit the hour work day. Cited that ill health and injuries were a reason not to have those long days.
Florence Kelley- Also helped children in the work place citing that they were getting hurt and should be in school

7. Cleaning Up Government
State legislatures used to elect Senators
Seventeenth Amendment- Allowed people to directly elect their senators.
Why an improvement?
Initiative- bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers
Example:
Recall- Enabled voters to remove elected officials
Referendum- vote on an initiative

8. Section 2. Women in Public Life- Education
Women generally worked on the farm and had to gradually get jobs in factories
Women were not allowed to go to college because of fear of a “feeble” mind.
First colleges were Oberlin College and Vassar College (which allowed women to teach)

9. Women and the Right to Vote
Women were not allowed to vote or hold property.
Women worked for suffrage.
Key women: Susan B. Anthony- was arrested over 12 times just trying to get in line to vote.
Key groups:
1. NACW- National Association of Colored Women- allowed African-American women to vote
2. NAWSA- National American Woman Suffrage Association
19th Amendment will allow for Women to vote in 1920

10. Teddy Roosevelt and the Square Deal
TR rose up through the ranks after the Spanish-American War and became president after McKinley was assassinated
Became President at 42 years old (youngest until JFK)
Very charismatic; lots of leadership
Called his Domestic Agenda the Square Deal
Also known as the 3 C’s
Control of Corporations
Consumer Protection
Conservationism

11. Controlling the Corporations
Many trusts were lowering product standards but raising prices
TR did not think that all trusts were harmful; rather he would look at the entire company
If the company was unfair he would take them to court and break the company up
EX: Microsoft
1902 Coal Strike talked to owners and mediated between owners and coal workers
Sided with the Unions and Unions gained a lot of power

12. Protecting the Corporations
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair brought consumer protection front and center
Found that owners would do damage to the meat or it was not clean.
Because of The Jungle the Meat Inspection Act was passed.
Used to protect the consumers by cleaning the meat more
TR also passed the Pure Food and Drug Act
Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicine and had to label the food and drugs

13. Conservation
Most people thought that the natural resources were endless in the US
TR thought that if the US didn’t do something soon the natural resources would disappear
TR set aside 1.5 million acres of water power sites and 148 million acres of forests
EX: Yosemite

14. Roosevelt and Civil Rights
A lot of racism during the era of the 1900’s
African Americans lost the case Plessey v. Fergusson
Plessey was on a train and tried to ride in the white only section
Court ruled that ethnicities were could be separated as long as “Separate but Equal” was used.
Two new theories came up about racism

15. Dubois and Washington WEB DuBois Mixed race
First African-American to graduate from Harvard
Wrote the Souls of Black Folk
Believed that segregation should stop immediately and 10% of African Americans should get their rights now.
Created the NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Booker T. Washington
Believed that African Americans had to earn their rights
Wanted African Americans to get an education
Became known as the Wizard of Tuskegee
Started Tuskegee Institute to teach mechanics and agriculture

16. Taft and Progressivism
Taft was hand-picked by TR to succeed him
Raised the tariff with the Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Taft also got rid of a lot of the federal lands that TR protected
Taft also tried to get rid of all monopolies
TR was upset and tried to run in the 1916 election

17. 1912 Election Four major people running Democrat- Woodrow Wilson
Bull-Moose (Progressive)- TR
Republican- William H. Taft
Socialist – Eugene V. Debs

18. Wilson and the New Freedom
First president from the south since before the Civil War
Created the Federal Trade Commission- investigated corporations that practiced unfair business practices
Clayton Anti-trust Act- sought to give more punishment of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Created a new Tax System and cut tariffs
Created the Federal Reserve System- which helped to protect the US Banking system.
Federal Reserve gives loans out to regular banks to protect from going bankrupt
19th Amendment was passed under Wilson