1. Agenda Today: Causes of GD Tuesday: Dust Bowl
Wednesday: Photojournalism
Thursday: Capitalism, socialism, communism game
Friday: FDR v. Hoover
TEST: Friday, Feb 9th
"We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land. The poorhouse is vanishing from among us.“
- President Herbert Hoover

2. The most severe economic downturn in our nation’s history
Great Depression
The most severe economic downturn in our nation’s history

4. CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION

5. THE GREAT DEPRESSION: THINKING MAP
set the stage for
Which caused
causing
the Great Depression
The Stock Market crash
triggered
New Deal takes effect
leading to
was a reason for
created

6. THE GREAT DEPRESSION: THINKING MAP
set the stage for
Which caused
causing
the Great Depression
The Stock Market crash
triggered
New Deal takes effect
leading to
was a reason for
created

7. THE GREAT DEPRESSION: THINKING MAP
set the stage for
Which caused
causing
the Great Depression
The Stock Market crash
triggered
New Deal takes effect
leading to
was a reason for
created

8. CAUSE: UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
The wealthiest 1% of the population rose by 75% in the 1920s.
Most Americans did not have the money to purchase manufactured goods based on their income alone.
Which means that they will…
During the 1920s, the rich got richer and the poor got poorer.( Much of this was due to the laissez-faire attitude/policies of the conservative republicans in the White House and in Congress.)

9. CAUSE: AMERICANS LIVED ON CREDIT
Buy on credit
Buying big purchases (cars, homes) through installment plans
Putting some money down, then borrowing the rest from banks
People could not pay off their debts
Therefore, people cut back on spending
Remember the “multiplier effect” story?

10. CAUSE: BANK FAILURES
Banks gave too much out on loans and invested poorly
People could not repay those loans
Banks failed

11. CAUSE: OVERPRODUCTION OF GOODS
Demand for manufactured goods was far less than the production of them
Multiplier effect
If people/consumers do not buy what businesses are producing, businesses lose money and consequently cut back hours or lay off employees.
Also, if people are not making as much money or do not have a job, they cannot afford to buy manufactured goods. This compounds the problem.
The first picture shows dairy farmers emptying milk from a non-striker's truck during a blockade near Harvard, Illinois. The strikers organized the blockade – which succeeded in preventing milk from going to market – in an effort to raise prices and heighten awareness of oversupply.
The second picture shows Henry Ford with his son Edsel standing next to the 20 millionth auto to leave Ford’s production line in 1931.
Industrial Goods = There was a post-war boom in the 1920s. Technological advances during the war (transportation in air and on ground) led to advances in agriculture, electrical power, transportation, and factory production. Demand for goods increased after the war & industry could produce plenty thanks to new advances. Producers didn’t see the danger in increasing productivity without increasing consumer power. (wealth and the ability to buy) This led to over-saturation OR over-supply.
Agricultural Goods = Farmers prospered during the war, but once warring nations could once again farm for themselves, they no longer needed American goods. Farmers kept producing, though. Increased supply led to lower prices and farmers went bankrupt. New gadgets (tractors/technology) led farmers to borrow money… then went broke… then couldn’t pay debt… defaulted… banks were then in trouble as well.

12. CAUSE: BUYING STOCKS ON MARGIN
Banks allowed potential investors to only put down 5-10% of their own money to purchase stock.
Banks would loan them the rest of the money.

13. CAUSE: STOCK MARKET AND BANKING INDUSTRY COLLAPSES
In this picture, you see a group of depositors standing outside Union Bank in NYC in April 1933, hoping that the bank would not join the growing epidemic of bank failures.
The crash of 29 occurred when investors began selling stocks as warnings loomed that the market was inflated & couldn’t continue. Stock prices fell dramatically as people sold shares. Companies slowed production which led to further drops in prices. Bankers (included JP Morgan) tried to save the market, but it failed. (Black Thursday to Black Tuesday).
The Unregulated Banking Institutions collapsed after the market did. It was unstable partly due to the laissez faire policies of the 1920s and banks’ over-extension of credit to stock investors and brokers.
The Banking Industry Collapse was caused by the market collapse, as well. People defaulted on loans. Stocks bought on margin… then lost… could not be paid for. PEOPLE PANICED! In 1929, 600 banks failed.
“Black Tuesday”

14. Causes of the Great Depression
People lose
their jobs.
Demand
drops.
Fewer goods
are sold.
Even more people
lose their confidence
& spend less money.
In order to stay
in business
companies
cut wages
FEAR &
the Spiral of the
Great
Depression
Good place to point out that the spiral of depression is the opposite to the cycle of prosperity. Even discuss in relation to Henry Ford and the impact on the other industries that produced his standardised goods.
Companies
are forced to
cut costs by
laying people off.
People lose
their confidence
& start saving
their money.
Demand
drops even
further.

15. What now?
Begins to spread throughout US and world economy

16. Rube Goldberg machine of the causes of the Great Depression
On a sheet of notebook paper you will create a Rube Goldberg machine showing the causes of the Great Depression

17. Rube Goldberg Machine of the causes of the Great Depression
Your machine must have the following:
At least one piece to represent the six causes of the Great Depression.
And, how the government intervened in a way that prolonged the Great Depression
A picture of each piece and how it works together
A label indicating what causes of the Great Depression each piece represents
Explain your machine, making sure to include all terms and how they work together and relate to the causes of the Great Depression.

18. AGENDA: Jan 30th
The Dust Bowl

19. THE DUST BOWL

20. Agenda – how the depression affected regular us citizens
“Brother, Could You Spare a Dime?” song
__Ijw

21. Hoovervilles - name given to towns constructed by homeless people on unused/public land (shantytowns)

25. Stats (by 1932) 13 million lost jobs Unemployment is over 20%
Farm prices down 53%
40% of banks have failed
$2,000,000,000 in deposits have been lost

26. What should be done about the Depression – quote analysis
It is 1933 and you are the President. What are you going to do about the Depression that is devastating the economy?
Read over each of the scenarios and rank your top 3 choices in order.
Share with two people your selections. Be sure to defend WHY you picked your answers.
Vote as a class.
Discuss what each solution represents.

27. The Human Impact of the Depression
Unemployment
*minorities
*women vs. men

28. The Human Impact of the Depression
Lack of Public Relief Programs
*poorly funded
*”rugged individualism”

29. The Human Impact of the Depression
Homelessness
*Hoovervilles

30. The Human Impact of the Depression
The Farming Industry Decline
*1920s-deep debt
*drought
*grasshoppers
*bank failures
*dust storms

31. Human Impact of The Great Depression
Wall Street to Main Street
-Investors lost savings (Can’t pay loans)
-Companies could not sell stocks to raise money (prices drop everywhere)
Corporations have to close down
-Bank failures

32. Human Impact of The Great Depression
-Manufacturers closed down factories (Prices dropped)
-Widespread Unemployment
-People Lost their homes
-Bank Failures
No insurance or safety nets available to anyone, depression begins to affect all areas of society
Human Impact of The Great Depression

33. Human Impact of The Great Depression
Dust Bowl (1930’s)—Drought & Heavy Winds carried top soil away, buried homes, and destroyed harvests.
-over a million farmers were driven off their land, many migrated to California

34. Human Impact of The Great Depression
Mexican Repatriation— about half a million Mexican- American workers were forcibly sent back to Mexico

35. Human Impact of The Great Depression
Recording the Misery
John Steinbeck (Wrote The Grapes of Wrath)— showed the suffering of migrant families and the very poor during the Dust Bowl and Great Depression

36. Human Impact of The Great Depression
Dorothea Lange— Used her photographs to show the country the misery people were experiencing

37. #2--Unit 7 notebook--Grapes of Wrath Book Cover
This excerpt from the Grapes of Wrath includes a lot of imagery (descriptive words). In your notebook you are going to use that imagery to create a book cover for the Grapes of Wrath.
Your cover should include the following:
Title of the book and author’s name at the top
(Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck)
Write 2 quotes from the excerpt that you feel provide the most powerful image of the suffering during the Great Depression
A picture for each quote that symbolizes the suffering that Steinbeck was trying to capture
Number your pictures and quotes so both you and I know which go together

38. Photojournalism time
Using the pictures I have provided for you, create a background story for each photograph
Who are the people?
How did they get there?

39. AGENDA – FEB 1 Learning targets:
Understand the difference between capitalism, socialism, and communism
Understand why people would turn to socialist policies after the Great Depression
Homework: discussion questions, if not completed in class

40. Rock > Scissors Paper > Rock Scissors > Paper
Rock, Paper, Scissors!
Rock > Scissors
Paper > Rock
Scissors > Paper

41. Rock, Paper, Scissors! DO NOT EAT YOUR CANDY.
You will play R/P/S with the person across from you, whoever wins gets one piece of candy from the loser.
After each round, we will rotate so that you will compete against a different person each round.
Once you are out of candy, you must sit down at your desk.

42. Debriefing Do you think this game was fair? Why or why not?
Losers: What can you do to make the game more fair?
Is there anything that Mrs. Pool could do to make the game more fair? Should she do this?

43. Karl marx’s communist manifesto
KARL MARX’S THEORY
THE GAME
CAPITALISM
Private ownership of industry
Freedom of competition
Results in unequal economic classes
CAPITALISM
Y’all started with random amounts of starburst
You played rock, paper, scissors
Some students succeeded; most lost
CLASS STRUGGLE  the working class will rebel against the upper class
CLASS STRUGGLE  those without candy were jealous

44. Karl marx’s communist manifesto
KARL MARX’S THEORY
THE GAME
SOCIALISM
Government ownership of industry
Goal = economic equality
Aims for a classless society
SOCIALISM
I collected your Starburst
I redistributed tokens evenly
Everyone has the same amount

45. Karl marx’s communist manifesto
KARL MARX’S THEORY
THE GAME
COMMUNISM
Goal of classless society achieved
No government needed…
In theory…
COMMUNISM
In a perfect world, everyone shared all of the Starburst completely evenly
In the real world, people are selfish and terrible

46. Debrief questions:

47. What are the differences between capitalism and socialism?

48. What are the differences between socialism and communism?

49. Why do you think socialism/ communism are often associated with revolution?

50. Do you think people would be happier under socialism/ communism instead of capitalism?

51. NOW, IN THE US: who was for socialism and communism in the united states?

52. NOW, IN THE US: why would people be open to socialist policies after the great depression?

53. Exit ticket: Respond to the two following quotes
Tony Benn said: “Socialism is the flame of anger against injustice and the flame of hope that you can build a better world.” Do you agree?
Winston Churchill said: “Socialism is a philosophy of failure, the creed of ignorance, and the gospel of envy. Its inherent virtue is the equal sharing of misery.” What is he saying and do you agree?