1. The Rise of Dictators
Crisis of Democracy

2. Japan Nationalism Ultranationalists- extreme nationalism
Economic crisis
Resented being treated as second class country
Manchuria- Northern Chinese region
Blew up Japan railroad tracks and said China did it
Conquered Manchuria
*Rich in natural resources
Built naval Armament

3. Militarists in Power *Military domination Ancient warrior values
*Used schools to teach absolute obedience to the emperor and service to the state
*Started campaign in China
Allied with Germany and Italy in WWII

4. Western Democracies Stumble
Irish Independence at last, IRA
US “Red Scare”
Limit immigration to USA

5. Postwar Foreign Policy
Maginot Line, French fortification along German border
France built military and strictly enforce treaty of Versailles, Britain afraid of France and SU becoming too powerful with weak Germ.
Kellogg-Briand Pact: renounce war as an instrument of national policy, US Sponsored
Disarmament- reduction of armed forces and weapons

6. Postwar Foreign Policy
Limited size of Navy but not army
Outlawed war
League powerless to stop aggression

7. Postwar Economics Britain had economic issues, debt, high unemployment
General strike- strike by workers in many different industries at the same time
Fr. Slowly recovers after war
USA. Leading economic power
Investment in Europe recovery
USA prosper the global economy remained stable

8. The Great Depression Falling demand and overproduction after war
Overproduction- production of goods exceeds the demand for them
Federal Reserve- central banking system in USA, regulates banks and sets interest rates
*Oct stocks sold all at once, markets crashed
Great Depression- painful time of global economic collapse
No loans abroad, massive unemployment world wide

9. The Democracies React to the Depression
Br. Unemployment benefits, failed, 1 in 4 unemployed
Fr. Decreased production unemployed, lack strong leadership
USA. Franklin D. Roosevelt,
New Deal- a massive package of economic and social programs
Regulate stock market, protect bank deposits, Gov. created jobs, Social Security
Many lost faith in Democratic governments

10. Fascism in Italy
Unemployment, peasants seize land, workers seize factories
Benito Mussolini
Organized veterans and discontent Italians into the Fascist party
Charismatic Speaker
Black Shirts - party militants
Smashed socialists
*March on Rome- Appointed by king to lead Italy, fear of Civil war
*Took title: II Duce

11. Mussolini Rule
Suppressed rival parties, muzzled press, rigged elections
Critics thrown into prison, exiled or murdered
Economy under state control
Loyalty to state
“Believe! Obey! Fight!”
Fascists youth groups

12. Nature of Fascism
Totalitarian state- one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens
Fascism- centralized, authoritarian government that is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights
“survival of the fittest”
Democracy led to corruption and weakness

13. Fascism vs Communism Nationalistic goals International Change
Defined classes
International Change
Classless society

15. Soviet Union Under Stalin
Totalitarian State
Five-year plans: building heavy industry, improving transportation, increasing farming output
Command economy- government officials made all basic decisions
Rise in production, standard of living low
Low quality goods
Forced collectivization in agriculture
Collectives- large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group

16. Stalin’s Terror Tactics
Terror Famine
Secret police, torture, violent purges to ensure obedience
No free press
No protest
Gulag- a system of brutal labor camps
Cracked down on old Bolsheviks, targeted possible party opposition
Stalin’s power increased
Military leader loss hurt them later

17. Communist Attempts to Control Thought
Propaganda, cult of personality to make himself godlike
Used radios and loudspeakers
Evils of capitalism
Socialist realism- show soviet life as positive, No satire
Russification- making a nationality’s culture more Russian
Destroy religion Atheism became official state policy

18. Soviet Society Under Stalin
Required school attendance, technical schools and universities
Sports, free medical care, day care
Single family in one room home
Women won equality under the law

19. Soviet Foreign Policy Two different Goals
Worldwide communist revolution
Guarantee national security
Comintern- communist international
Joined league of nations

20. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
Weimar Republic
Constitution
Parliamentarian system head by a Chancellor
Was hit by extremists and blamed
Runaway inflation
100 marks in 1922 was 944,000 in 1923
West helped inflation recovery, great depression ended help from USA
Germans turn to energetic Adolf Hitler

21. Nazi Party’s Rise to Power
Hitler developed anti-semitism while living in Vienna
Fought in WWI, become leader of National Socialist German workers (NAZI party
*Hitler wrote in prison: Mein Kampf- basic book of Nazi goals and ideology
*Blamed German WWI loss on Jews
Charismatic, great depression plays into his hands
Turned to Hitler in fear of Communism
Appointed Chancellor
Dictator of Germany in a year

22. The *Third Reich Controls Germany
Appealed to nationalist glories
*Boasted that German master race would dominate Europe for a thousand years
Works programs to combat depression
Rearm Germany and schemed to unite Germany and Austria
*Totalitarian rule
SS enforced the Fuhrer’s
Gestapo- secret police

23. The Third Reich Controls Germany
Nuremberg Laws- deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed restrictions on them
Night of broken glass- German mobs attacks Jewish communities
Nazi Youth- indoctrinated young people with their ideology
*Women were to be mothers
Purged German culture- no Jazz, replace Christianity

24. Authoritarian Rule in Eastern Europe
Ethnic rivalries in Yugoslavia
Dictators rise in the East