1. Principles of Effective Communication

2. Terminal Learning Objective
Action: Apply the principles of effective communication.
Conditions: Given a requirement to apply the principles of effective communication and access to AR 25-50, FM 5-0, DA Pam , and the Effective Writing Handbook and awareness of Operational Environment (OE)/Contemporary Operational Environment (COE) variables and actors..
Standard: Apply the principles of effective communication to written requirements and oral briefings.

3. Army Leadership Definition GOOD LEADERS COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY!
Leadership is influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization ADP 6-22
GOOD LEADERS COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY!

4. AG BOLC/WOBC Briefing Requirements
Information Brief
CPX/FTX Brief
Staff Brief
Here are the required briefings that you will be evaluated on. You must also achieve a minimum of 70% on these oral assignments. You may use references that are applicable to your assigned briefs.
Oral Evaluations

5. References AR 25-50, Preparing and Managing Correspondence
Effective Writing Handbook

6. Outline (1 of 3) Elements of Effective Writing
- Overview of Standard Edited American English (SEAE)
- Active vs Passive Voice
- General Rules
- Due Dates

7. Outline (2 of 3) Elements of Effective Communication
- Communication Barriers
- Attributes of a Good Speaker
- Negative Body Language
- Types of Military Briefings
- Due Dates

8. Outline (3 of 3)
Summary
Questions
Conclusion (

9. Leadership & Writing: Apply the Principles of Effective Writing
Discuss the background of the Army Writing Program.
The Air Force implemented its Executive Writing Program in 1984.
In 1984, the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army tasked the English department at the United States Military Academy to create and implement a similar effective writing program for the Army.
The intent of the program was to standardize the style of Army writing and improve the overall quality of military correspondence.
In 1986, the Department of the Army published the DA Pam , Effective Writing for Army Leaders.
NOTE: Refer students to DA PAM par 1-4b.
AR 25-50/ DA Pam

10. Standard Edited American English (SEAE)
Parts of speech
General rules
Army standard
- Structure
- Style
AR Para 1-36 thru 1-37

11. Quick Quiz - Army Style I am requesting field rations for 42
students to be consumed during the
FTX the week of March.
Revision:
Request field rations for 42 students
during the FTX on March.
Effective Writing Handbook pg 6

12. Active Versus Passive Voice#1
“TO BE” verbs
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Concise Wordy
Clear emphasis Vague
Direct Awkward
Subject performs action Subject receives action #2
ID Past Participles #3
By whom/what?
Effective Writing Handbook pg 5

13. Identify Passive Voice (1 of 2)
1. ID form of the verb “to be”:
am is are was were be being been
2. ID a past participle:
-ed d en n t
* Verbs ending in “-ing” are not past participles
Effective Writing Handbook pg 6

14. Identify Passive Voice (2 of 2)
3. Ask “by whom/what?” after the
verb phrase (who was the doer).
4. If the phrase meets all three criteria,
the sentence is in passive voice.
Effective Writing Handbook pg 6-7

15. Identify Passive Sentences
The memo will be signed by the commander.
The OER is due on Monday.
The student’s file has been reviewed.
He is lazy.
I have created a new SOP for the section.
Lead students through each example and identify those that are in the passive voice.
(1) The memo will be signed by the commander. PASSIVE
(2) The OER is due on Monday. ACTIVE
(3) The student’s file has been reviewed. PASSIVE
(4) He is lazy. STATE OF BEING (neither active or passive)
(5) My unit is deployed to Iraq. STATE OF BEING
(6) I have created a new SOP for the section. ACTIVE
Effective Writing Handbook pg 5-7

16. Check on Learning

17. Practical Exercise #1
NOTE:
Effective Writing Handbook pg 9

18. Changing Passive Voice (1 of 4)
Put the doer up front
Drop part of the verb
Change the verb
NOTE: Refer students to the Effective Writing Handbook, pg 7-8.
a. There are three ways to change a passive voice into an active voice sentence.
(1) Put the Doer up front.
(2) Drop part of the Verb.
(3) Change the Verb.
Effective Writing Handbook pg 7-8

19. Changing Passive Voice (2 of 4)
The report was submitted by CW3
Ward. (P)
Put the doer up front:
CW3 Ward submitted the report. (A)
Effective Writing Handbook pg 7

20. Changing Passive Voice (3 of 4)
The meeting was held at Fort Sill. (P)
Drop part of the verb:
The meeting was at Fort Sill. (A)
Drop the past participle in the verb phrase to eliminate one of the characteristics of passive voice.
P: The meeting was held at Fort Sill.
A: The meeting was at Fort Sill.
Effective Writing Handbook pg 8

21. Changing Passive Voice (4 of 4)
He will be required to attend. (Passive)
Change the verb:
He will have to attend.
or (Active)
He must attend.
Without altering the meaning of the sentence, change the verb phrase all together so that it is not passive.
P: He will be required to attend.
A: He must attend OR He will have to attend.
Effective Writing Handbook pg 8

22. Check on Learning

23. Practical Exercise #2
Effective Writing Handbook pg 10

24. Active Versus Passive Voice
“I’m sorry for writing you a five page letter but I did not have time to write you a one page letter.” …Blaise Pascal

25. Proofreading Spelling Word choice Capitalization Punctuation
Numbers & Dates
Abbreviations
Grammar
AR 25-50, paragraph 1-10
Effective Writing Handbook pg 11-17

26. Capitalization Titles and Units Soldier Family
the Army (no longer required to capitalize “The”)
Commander, Company B, TSB → specific
The commander will give a safety briefing on Friday.
→ in general
The Brigade S4, MAJ Love, will be on leave.
The battalion S-1 will review the leave form.
AR 25-50, paragraphs 1-13 and 1-14
Effective Writing Handbook pg 11-12

27. Numbers Whole Numbers Units of time, measurement, or age
- Less than 10: three Soldiers, seven books
- 10 or more: 12 Soldiers, 36 books
Units of time, measurement, or age
- 12 weeks, 5 years old, 3 days, 10 meters
Ordinal Numbers
- Use military style: 2d, 3d
- Not civilian style: 2nd, 3rd
AR 25-50, Appendix B-2 & B-3
Effective Writing Handbook pg 15

28. Dates Military style: Day Month Year - 13 January 2015 or 13 Jan 15
- Military correspondence
Civilian style: Month Day, Year
- January 13, 2015
- Letters
civilian style is used in basic letters.
Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity. Q
AR 25-50, para 1-23

29. AG BOLC Writing Requirements
Leadership Philosophy- Week 4
Personal Recommendation Memo- Week 5
PAI Frago- Week 6
15 Line EXSUM- Week 7
Information Paper- Week 8
Congressional Response- Week 9
USR Top 5 Personnel Concerns- Week 10
Ethics Essay- Week 11
Written Exams IAW AR 25-50

30. WOBC Writing Requirements
Due Dates:
Memorandum – 25 Apr 16
Info Paper (Changes to the ERS) – 2 May 16
Letter of Sympathy – 16 May 16
Award Recommendation – 2 Jun 16
NOTE: All writing assignments are due between on due date.
Instructor will deduct 10 points for a late assignment.

31. AG WOAC Writing Requirements
Information Paper/White Paper (AC and RC )
Congressional Response (AC and RC) HR Research Paper (AC)
Written Exams IAW AR 25-50

32. Leadership & Oral Communication: Apply the Principles of Effective Communication

33. Elements of Communication
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback

34. Communications Model MESSAGE SENDER RECEIVER FEEDBACK Intended
Perceived
Message
FEEDBACK

35. Barriers to Communication
Physical Barriers
Cultural Barriers
Language Differences
Format Errors
Grammar/Spelling Errors
(1) Physical barriers: Include such factors as distance and noise.
(2) Cultural barriers: Different cultures have different slang terms, idioms, verbal expressions, acronyms, and even body language. People in the communication process should always be aware of these differences. Even in the United States, people from different parts of the country use different words to mean the same thing. To ensure effective communication, limit your use of non-standard English and slang.
(3) Language barriers: Many Soldiers speak English as a second language. Complicated words may interfere with their ability to understand the message. Senders in the military assume that receivers understand the meaning of acronyms or abbreviations often used in the military.
(4) Format errors: If written communication is not in an expected format, Senders can expect the reader to be distracted from the information contained in the message. For example, memorandums are expected to be in the formats outlined in AR When a memorandum is not formatted correctly, it may confuse the reader.
(5) Grammar and spelling errors: If a written message contains numerous errors in spelling and grammar, the reader may easily become focused on the mistakes. At the same time, the reader is distracted from the information in the message.

36. Effectiveness of Communication
Face to Face 80%
Radio/Telephone 60%
Written %

37. Attributes of a Good Speaker
Integrity
Sincerity and Enthusiasm
Confidence
Knowledge
Speaking Skills

38. Total Preparation Prepare your mind Prepare your body
Prepare your emotions

39. Negative Body Language (1of 2)
Don’t talk with your hands
Don’t use exaggerated gestures
Don’t lean on the podium
Don’t pace back and forth
Don’t constantly shift your weight from one foot to the other
Don’t stand at parade rest
(1) Don’t talk with your hands.
(2) Don’t use exaggerated gestures.
(3) Don’t lean on the podium.
(4) Don’t pace back and forth.
(5) Don’t constantly shift your weight from one foot to the other.
(6) Don’t stand at parade rest.

40. Negative Body Language (2 of 2)
Don’t put your hands together in the praying mantis position
Don’t play with your keys or a pencil
Don’t play with the pointer
Don’t put your hands on your hips
Don’t use unnatural movements or gestures
(1) Don’t put your hands together in the praying mantis position.
(2) Don’t play with your keys or a pencil.
(3) Don’t play with the pointer.
(4) Don’t put your hands on your hips.
(5) Don’t use unnatural movements or gestures.

41. Types of Military Briefings
Information Brief
Decision Brief
Mission Brief
Staff Brief
Military briefings are a means of presenting information to commanders, staffs, or other audiences.
The purpose of the brief, the desired response, and the role of the briefer will determine what type of briefing you will present. There are four primary types of military briefings IAW FM 101-5:
Information Briefing. The purpose of an information briefing is to inform the listeners about something they need to know.
Decision Briefing. The purpose of a decision briefing is to get an answer or a decision from someone. An example of a decision briefing might occur if a staff officer wants to recommend a course of action to resolve a specific problem. After he analyzes the problem and identifies what he thinks is the best solution, he presents a decision briefing.
Staff Briefing. The staff briefing is the most widely used military briefing. It is similar to the information briefing in that it is designed for rapid, oral dissemination of information. It is also like the decision briefing in that it may present a recommendation that could lead to a command decision.
Mission Briefing. (OPORD) The mission briefing is used under operational conditions to provide information, to give specific instructions, or to instill an appreciation of a certain mission.
FM 101-5, App. E

42. A Speaker’s Tools Visual Aids Prepared Charts (FTX) White board
Handouts
Slides
Visual aids should enhance your message (briefing), not distract from it.
Before you decide to use a visual aid, identify the purpose of that aid. Visual aids may be used for several reasons:
People remember what they see much better than what they hear. So, visually reinforce your main points.
Visual aids help hold the attention of listeners.
Visual aids often save time when demonstrating a point.
Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity.
Q: What are the four elements of effective communication?
A: Sender, Message, Receiver and Feedback
Q: Which is the most important element of effective communication?
A: Feedback
Q: Name types of barriers to communication?
A: Language barrier, cultural barrier, format errors, grammar/spelling errors

43. AG BOLC Briefing Requirements
Due Dates:
Information Briefs –
CPX/FTX Briefs –
Staff Briefs –
Discuss due dates with students and advise on format and briefing topics.
NOTE: Format for Information Briefs:
Title Slide
Purpose
References
Outline
Body
Summary
Questions
Conclusion
Allow students to ask questions and be prepared to answer any questions or concerns students may have.
Oral Evaluations

44. Terminal Learning Objective
Action: Apply the principles of effective communication.
Conditions: Given a requirement to apply the principles of effective communication and access to AR and the Effective Writing Handbook.
Standard: Apply the principles of effective communication to written requirements and oral briefings.
BRIEFLY REVIEW TLO.
A leader that writes and communicate effectively is a great asset to any unit.

45. Summary (1 of 2) Elements of Effective Writing - Overview of SEAE
- Active vs Passive Voice
- General Rules
- Due Dates
Here are the topics we discussed in today’s brief.
(1) Elements of Effective Writing
(a) Overview of Standard Edited American English
(b) Active Versus Passive Voice
(c) General Rules
(d) Due Dates

46. Summary (2 of 2) Elements of Effective Communication
- Communication Barriers
- Attributes of a Good Speaker
- Negative Body Language
- Types of Military Briefings
- Due Dates
Here are the topics we discussed in today’s brief.
(2) Elements of Effective Communication
(a) Communication Barriers
(b) Attributes of a Good Speaker
(c) Negative Body Language
(d) Types of Military Briefings
(e) Due Dates

47. Questions? Ask the students if they have any questions.
Clarify any points that were not understood.

48. Conclusion
As a leader, the single biggest problem with effective communication is the illusion that it has taken place. Words should be used as a tool to communicate—not as a substitute for action. Seize every opportunity to hone your communication skills so you will have the gift, the knowledge, the sharpness, the clarity, and the ability to affect someone else’s life…..Anonymous
As a leader, the single biggest problem with effective communication is the illusion that it has taken place.
Words should be used as a tool to communicate—not as a substitute for action.
Seize every opportunity to hone your communication skills so you will have the gift, the knowledge, the sharpness, the clarity, and the ability to affect someone else’s life.