1. ALUMINUM AND MINING INDUSTRY
ALUMINUM CYCLE
ALUMINUM AND MINING INDUSTRY
MINERALS
Al-silicates Nonsilicates
feldspars Al(OH)3 gibbsite
micas AlPO4*2H2O variscite kaolines alunite basaluminite
PLANT-AVAILABLE
ALUMINUM
Al3+
AlOH 2+
Al(OH)2+
Al(OH)4-
Al-organic chelates
“Al13” polymers
Acid rains
Weathering
Acid rains
Acidification, pH < 5.5
SOILS
Acid rains; dust
Alkaline decomposition, pH > 7
(Water and food)
Acid r rains; dust
Carboxylate and phenolic complexes
Accumulation
Adsorption
ORGANIC MATTER
Accumulation
Adsorption
CULTIVATED PLANTS
HUMANS
Food
Root, Shoots
and germination
impairment;
Reduced P and K
uptake and
impaired Ca2+
transport
FORESTS
Seafood
Meat
Milk
Neuro-
toxicity
Embrio-
Neuro-
toxicity
Embrio-
DOMESTIC
ANIMALS
Forage
Die-backs
WILD
ANIMALS
OCEAN
Embrio-and neurotoxicity;
accumulation in algae, fish and animals