1. Multiculturalism in France
Caroline West

6. What is Multiculturalism?
Merkel: Multiculturalism has « utterly failed »
30% Germans feel « overrun by foreigners »

7. What is Multiculturalism?
Cameron (Feb 2011)
Multicultural policies « a failure »
Foster extremist ideology + terrorism
Threat to women’s rights, integration, language, culture

8. What is Multiculturalism?
Nicolas Sarkozy:
Multiculturalism has failed – fosters extremism
Important to respect cultural differences

9. What is Multiculturalism?
France should have national community, not just co-existence of cultures
« Islam de France, non pas Islam en France »

10. sarkozy multiculturalism

11. What is Multiculturalism?
Pluralism:
a situation in which people of different social classes, religions, races, etc., are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interests
Merriam Webster

12. What is Multiculturalism?
Pluralism :
the belief that people of different social classes, religions, races, etc., should live together in a society
Merriam Webster

13. What is Multiculturalism?
La diversité:
Ensemble des personnes qui diffèrent les unes des autres par leur origine géographique, socio-culturelle ou religieuse, leur âge, leur sexe, leur orientation sexuelle etc et qui constituent la communauté nationale à laquelle elles appartiennent
Larousse

14. What is Multiculturalism?
Cultural Diversity
Ideologies and policies
Institutional recognition of separate or distinct identities

15. What is Multiculturalism?
Charles Taylor:
Universalism – equal dignity
Equal rights for all citizens

16. What is Multiculturalism?
Politics of equal dignity
- freedom
- absence of differenciated roles (equality)
- tight common purpose (fraternity)

17. What is Multiculturalism?
Politics of difference
- unique identity
- distinctness

18. What is Multiculturalism?
Integration = each element has equal value
Assimilation = deny difference by absorbing foreign contributions

19. What is Multiculturalism?
French History
Comparison with other countries

20. Course Outline
1- Definitions of Multiculturalism Republicanism/Nation/Napoleon 2 – France’s Colonial History 3 - History of Immigration in France Example of Grenoble

21. Course Outline
4 – Integration: historical perspectives 5 – Facts and Figures: Population and Integration 6 – Comparison of European Policies 7 – Education and Integration

22. Course Outline
8 – Multiculturalism and Secularism 9 – City Planning and Integration

23. Course Requirements Read recommended articles (Chamilo)
Take part in class activities/discussions

24. Course assessment Term Paper :
  A comparative study of multicultural policies in France, __________ and ____________ .
12, 000 characters in length (about words)
Double spaced text
Final submission date: 14th May 2018
To be submitted via Chamilo platform.

25. Lesson One Historical Approach France: a Nation-State
French Republic: ideals, human rights
Influence on notion of multiculturalism
Historical origins: France’s colonial history

27. Astérix

28. France as a Nation Nation State: sovereign entity
State = political and geographical entity
Nation = cultural and/or ethnic entity
Nation-State = two coincide geographically

29. France as a Nation Nation State recent concept Did not exist pre-1500s
Feudal system
Variety of laws and practices

30. France as a Nation Consolidation of power by monarchs
Nationalism to encourage loyalty
Clearly established during 19th century

31. France as a Nation Centralization
Central Government = uniform law and practices
Trade
National armies

32. France as a Nation 987 Hugh Capet king of West Francia = France
Louis XIV peak of French royal power
Followed by collapse of royal power
1789 French Revolution
Transferred sovereignty from monarch to people

33. France as a Nation
Nation → State
State → Embodiment of nation

34. Jacobinism Indivisible national sovereignty
Role of the state as transformer of society
Administrative centralization
Equality of citizens through equal rights
Uniform education to ensure uniform political concept of citizen

35. France as a Nation
Powerful state + indivisible sovereign and public authority = prevents nation fragmenting into particular interests
Active citizen → is the nation
State = guarantor of national political identity

36. France as a Nation Contractual society between state and nation
Not privileges
Individual no longer at mercy of destiny
Choice of national citizenry not ethnic, cultural or biological

37. French Republicanism Democracy ≠ monarchy Laïcité ≠ clericalism
Republicanism = social contract
Rousseau : general will

38. France as a Nation
Specific rights to ethnic/religious groups ≠ ideals of 1789 Revolution
Immigrant chooses to become citizen
Equal to native French
National sentiments not judged by ethnic/religious criteria
Mistrust of « right to difference »

39. Napoleon Bonaparte Chaos of French Revolution
National Law Code established
National military created
France as nation-state able to dominate feudal neighbours
Other peoples rallied as nation to defeat Napoleon

40. French Republic
« La France est une République indivisible, laïque, démocratique et sociale »
Republic is indivisible, secular, democratic, social

41. French Republic
One and indivisible = equal citizens, not separate communities
Social = Equality
Democratic = liberty
Secular = fraternity

44. French Republic
Nation = assembly of citizens united by common history, language, culture
Nation controls decisions to be made for common good

45. French Republic
Public service provides same acess to knowledge, security, mobility.
Education, police, transport all public services