1. Hydrology- Science of Water

2. Water Use
For the next four minutes list how many times a day you use water either directly or indirectly

3. WATER
Is one of our most precious RESOURCES

4. The water cycle
the amount of water on and around this planet is fairly constant
availability of water is not as constant

5. Dry Season

6. Rainy Season

7. Water Distribution 97% is in oceans 2% is freshwater
1% is frozen in glaciers and icecaps

8. The water cycle water is continuously moving from place to place
the water cycle is called the hydrologic cycle

9. The water cycle powered by solar energy
heats the water causing it to rise into the atmosphere
called evaporation

10. The water cycle
Fact: if the oceans were not recharged, their water level would decrease over 40 inches per year

11. The water cycle
rainwater accounts for only 1% of the total water supply
rain is vital in keeping the water balance on earth

12. Terminology Evaporation- vaporization of liquid through heat
Transpiration- passage of water through a plant

13. Condensation-water vapor condenses into liquid
Precipitation-water falling due to gravity

14. Run-off: the flow of water, from rain, snow melt, or other sources, over land
Infiltration- Seeping into ground
Groundwater-located beneath earths surface

15. WATER CYCLE
WATER IN
ATMOSPHERE
PRECIPITATION
EVAPORATION
WATER /ICE

17. Three zones Surface Zone of aeration
dry soil accepts water until saturated
Zone of aeration
empty spaces filled with air, extends from the deepest roots to just above the water table

18. Three zones Groundwater zone below zone of aeration
water saturated rocks called aquifers
can equal about 100 years of surface runoff volume

19. Aquifer

20. Industry uses more water than any other raw material
only a small part of the water is actually consumed
used as a medium for other processes

21. Industry Canning Cool ovens Boil the product Wash away wastes
water is used to clean product and the containers
Cool ovens
Boil the product
Wash away wastes

22. How Its Made

23. Industry may become part of the product
most water is recycled or returned to the natural water cycle in a drainage ditch or stream

24. Industry paper is made in water
industry draws about 40 billion gallons of water per day
water supply - major factor in location of industry

25. Industry
strong pollution control methods to recycle water rather than draw from an outside source

26. Hydroelectric plants major use of water
US leads the world in hydroelectric power
supplies only a small portion of our needs

27. Hydroelectric Plants concern is with damming of rivers
fish runs are interrupted
habitat is changed
puts wildlife in danger

28. Fish and Wildlife
the way water is handled affects the fish in the water and the wildlife around the water

29. Fish and Wildlife land wildlife, inland birds, waterfowl
different species require different types of water

30. Fish and Wildlife some fish prosper in cold mountain streams
some may prefer fast running rapids

31. Recreation boating, water skiing, fishing, sailing and swimming
Swimming pools
require a lot of water to keep them in compliance with health regulations.

32. Recreation Frozen water activities ice skating hockey snowboarding
skiing

33. Domestic Uses cooking baths or showers carry away wastes
Each American uses more water than any other person in the world

34. Domestic Uses
In the US each person uses approximately 150 gallons of water per day
Bath
3-40 gallons
Shower
5 gallons per minute

35. Domestic Uses Wash clothes flush the toilet
30 gallons
flush the toilet
3 gallons
Water the lawn and garden, wash cars
Fire protection

36. Use
How wasteful can we be and still have enough clean water to survive?

37. Pollution
The presence of a SUBSTANCE in water, air, or soil that makes them OFFENSIVE to humans.

38. Water
Water that is suitable for DRINKING is referred to as POTABLE

39. Sources of Pollution Oil Products Soil Erosion Animal and Human Waste
Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides

40. An increase in the amount of NUTRIENTS in an environment
Eutrophication
An increase in the amount of NUTRIENTS in an environment

41. Nutrients
Nutrients in water are expressed in terms of PARTS PER MILLIONS (PPM)

42. Nitrates
Nitrates are a common source of POLLUTION

43. Sources of Nitrates
Animal Waste
Human Waste
Chemical fertilizers
Dead and decaying organisms

44. Eutrophication
One of the first INDICATIONS of eutrophication in water is the presence of ALGAE

45. Eutrophication
Also known as POND SCUM

46. Sewage Treatment Plants Septic Tanks Waste Lagoons
Waste Control
Sewage Treatment Plants
Septic Tanks
Waste Lagoons

47. Sewage Treatment Plants
Larger towns and cities
Treat waste water increase D.O.
Use Oxygenation, Chlorine, & UV Light

48. Settling tank and Drain Field
Septic Tanks
Used in rural areas
Settling tank and Drain Field
Will not work if area is densely populated

50. Waste Lagoons Used in dairies, feed lots, and some towns and cities
Logan and Perry
Animal waste is stored in a settling pond where it is decomposed by anaerobic bacteria

51. Occurs in both groundwater and in surface water
Water Pollution
Occurs in both groundwater and in surface water

52. Water stored in underground lakes called aquifers
Ground water
Water stored in underground lakes called aquifers

53. Water is absorbed by the soil as it flows into the aquifers
Surface Water
Water is absorbed by the soil as it flows into the aquifers

54. Non-Point Source Pollution
Pollution that originates from many sources
Ex. Excess fertilizer run off in residential areas

55. Point source pollution
Pollution that results from a single source
Example: Air pollution from Geneva steel

56. Erosion
Our largest environmental problem
Wasting away of soil by wind or water

57. Two main problems of erosion
The loss of Topsoil
The pollution of water by the erosion of soil

58. Soil Erosion Damage Loss of topsoil Pollution of rivers and streams
Kills fish and plants
Decreases dissolved oxygen
Sedimentation- blocks available sunlight
Zooplankton die 

59. Soil Conservation Service
An agency organized to help prevent the loss of topsoil and to stop erosion caused by the washing away of soil.

60. Examples of soil conservation practices
Windbreaks- trees
Terracing- ridges prevent erosion
Crop rotation- changing crops
Contour plowing- following natural elevation
No-till and minimum till planting

61. A piece of land that stays underwater for most of the year
Wetlands
A piece of land that stays underwater for most of the year

62. Wetlands provide several roles
Habitat
Filtering of water
Water storage
Flood prevention

63. EPA Regulations
Restrict use
Incentives to preserve wetlands
Permit must be obtained before land can be disturbed