1. Cardiovascular Emergencies
F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G
LESSON 3
First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada
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Review: ESM (Unresponsive Casualty):
Cardiovascular Emergencies
CPR and AED
Choking

2. REVIEW VIDEO CLIP: ESM Unresponsive Casualty

3. CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES
F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G
CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES
First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada
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Heart Attack (signs, symptoms, first aid)
Cardiac Arrest (signs, symptoms, first aid)
AED
Stroke (signs, symptoms, first aid)

4. HEART ATTACK: definition, signs, symptoms
Result of a blocked coronary artery that can cause permanent damage of heart muscle.
Signs and Symptoms: 5 Ps
PAIN: Crushing sensation, aching jaw, sore arms
PUKING: Feels like indigestion, nausea, vomiting
PALE: Pale skin
PUFFING: Shortness of breath, heaviness in chest
POOPED: Fatigue
Note: DENIAL IS COMMON

5. FIRST AID FOR HEART ATTACK
Begin ESM – do the Scene Survey
Do a primary survey (Responsive – assess ABCs)
Have a bystander call & retrieve an AED if available.
Place casualty in semi-sitting position, loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist.
Reassure the casualty to lessen fear and worry – these cause a heart to work harder.
Have casualty chew an aspirin if available.
If the casualty loses consciousness and stops breathing, start CPR with compressions

6. CARDIAC ARREST: definition, signs, symptoms
The heart stops completely
Signs
Unresponsive
Not breathing or
not breathing normally
No signs of life
ACT FAST – it only takes 4 minutes without oxygen for tissue death to occur!

7. FIRST AID FOR CARDIAC ARREST
Begin ESM – do a Scene Survey
Have a bystander call & retrieve an AED if available.
Do a primary survey (CAB-D)
Continue compressions (30) and breaths (2) until AED or medical help arrives
If casualty regains consciousness, move to secondary survey & ongoing casualty care

8. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Objective
To circulate oxygenated blood
to the brain and other organs
Combination of two life support skills
Chest compressions
Artificial respiration

9. VIDEO CLIP: One Rescuer CPR

10. VIDEO CLIP: Two Rescuer CPR

11. PRACTICAL: IN PARTNERS (with ACT doll)
PARTNER #1: You are at Walmart and see a man clutching his chest as he shops. You keep an eye on him as you are concerned he may be having a heart attack. Suddenly, he falls to the floor. The casualty is unconscious and not breathing on his own. It appears as though he is experiencing cardiac arrest.
PARTNER #2: You are on a field trip with your PE class at the Hyde Creek pool. As you are racing a friend, they get a calf-cramp and go under. They swallow large amounts of water and lose consciousness. A couple of students in the class help get your friend out of the pool but they do not know what to do next. There are no suspected injuries but the casualty is unconscious and not breathing on their own.

12. Automated External Defibrillation
Definition
The application of an electric
shock to a heart that has
stopped beating
AED
Analyses heart rhythm
Administers a shock depending
on the rhythm

13. VIDEO CLIP: AED

14. STROKE: definition, signs, symptoms
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Blood clot blocks a narrowed artery or a blood vessel ruptures
Brain tissue beyond blockage dies
Signs and Symptoms
Severe headache
Slurred speech
Difficulties breathing
Paralysis of arm and/or leg

15. F acial Droop A rm Drift S peech Impairment T ime (ACT FAST!)
STROKE: Tests
TESTS: (STR)
Smile (crooked)
Talk (difficulty speaking)
Raise arms (one-sided)
F acial Droop
A rm Drift
S peech Impairment
T ime (ACT FAST!)

16. FIRST AID FOR STROKE First Aid Begin ESM – do a Scene Survey
Do a primary survey (Responsive – assess ABCs)
Have a bystander call & retrieve an AED if available.
Place casualty in semi-sitting position, loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist.
Reassure the casualty & cover with a blanket to maintain warmth.
If the casualty loses consciousness and stops breathing, start CPR with compressions

17. CHOKING Causes Prevention Mild vs Severe First Aid for Choking
F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G
CHOKING
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Causes
Prevention
Mild vs Severe
First Aid for Choking

18. Choking Causes: Prevention: Food stuck in throat
Most common foods to choke on?
Grapes
Hot dogs
etc
Tongue of unconscious casualty falls to back of the throat
Prevention:
Chew food well
Avoid physical activities while eating

19. Choking SEVERE: Mild: standby and encourage coughing Conscious:
5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
Becomes Unconscious:
Lower to ground and treat as unconscious casualty

20. FIRST AID FOR CONSCIOUS CHOKING
If casualty gets to the point that they are unable to cough, speak, or breathe
Perform 5 Back Blows and 5 Abdominal Thrusts Using the palm of your hand give 5 hard back blows to casualties back between shoulders. If no response move onto 5 abdominal thrusts. - stand behind casualty (place one foot between theirs for added support if they become unconscious) - use forearms to landmark along top of hips - make fist and center under rib cage - grasp fist with other hand - thrust in and up until casualty’s airway is cleared or casualty becomes unconscious

21. FIRST AID: UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
If casualty becomes unconscious…
Lower casualty to ground
Send bystander for medical help
Open mouth to look for object (if visible, remove it)
Assess ABCs
Airway – head tilt chin lift, look, listen, feel (no more than 10 seconds)
Breathing – not breathing? Begin CPR. Provide 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths (reposition head-tilt chin-lift and try again if they do not go in – do not try more than two before moving on to compressions)
Circulation? – same strategy is used to clear the airway - 30 compressions

22. Re-check for object in mouth after each set of compressions.
FIRST AID CHOKING CONT
Re-check for object in mouth after each set of compressions.
If visible, finger sweep or grab to remove object. If not…
Repeat process (ABCs)
Even if object is removed, continue the sequence of CPR until medical help arrives or person is breathing on their own.

23. VIDEO CLIP: CHOKING

24. PRACTICAL: IN PARTNERS (with ACT doll)
PARTNER #1: You and your friend are enjoying lunch at Starbucks. You crack a joke that sends your BFF into hysterics. They have a mouthful of banana bread and begin coughing. After a few minutes, they excuse themselves to go to the washroom. You are concerned that they may be choking so you follow them in. They remain conscious (for now)
PARTNER #2: You and your friend are enjoying lunch at Starbucks. You crack a joke that sends your BFF into hysterics. They have a mouthful of banana bread and begin coughing. After a few minutes, they excuse themselves to go to the washroom. You are concerned that they may be choking so you follow them in. By the time you arrive they are slowly losing consciousness and you ease them down to the floor. (please use doll)