3. ECC Mission Statement
The mission of the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Programs is to reduce disability and death from cardiovascular emergencies and stroke by improving the Chain of Survival in every community

4. Reduce coronary heart disease, stroke and risk by 25%
AHA Impact Goal
Reduce coronary heart disease, stroke and risk by 25%
Goal that binds us together

9. Chain of Survival Early Advanced Care Early Access Early CPR Early
The victim of an emergency such as a heart attack, cardiac arrest, stroke or foreign-body airway obstruction can be saved if people at the scene act quickly to start the Chain of Survival. Early Access is key to starting the lifesaving process of the Chain of Survival.
The next link in the Chain of Survival is cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR. With CPR you provide oxygen-rich blood to the brain and heart until defibrillation and more advanced care can be given.
Another link in the Chain of Survival is defibrillation. Defibrillation delivers an electric current or “shock” to the heart to stop abnormal electrical activity. This allows the heart to resume normal function. Automated external defibrillators, or AEDs, are devices that evaluate the patient’s heart rhythm, generate and deliver an electric charge, and then reevaluate the heart rhythm.
The fourth link, Early Advanced Care is provided by highly trained EMS personnel called paramedics. Paramedics give CPR and defibrillation as well as more advanced care such as cardiac drugs and breathing tubes. These advanced actions can help the heart respond to defibrillation or maintain a normal rhythm after successful defibrillation.
To save people with heart attack, cardiac arrest or stroke, each set of actions or link in the Chain of Survival must be performed as soon as possible. If any link in the chain is weak, delayed or missing, the chances of survival are lessened.
Early
Advanced
Care
Early
Access
Early
CPR
Early
Defibrillation

10. New Fifth Link to the Chain
Post- Cardiac Care
Victim Transport and Hospitalization

11. C.P.R.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) consists of mouth-to-mouth respirations and chest compressions. CPR allows oxygenated blood to circulate to vital organs such as the brain and heart. CPR can keep a person alive until more advanced procedures (such as defibrillation - an electric shock to the chest) can treat the cardiac arrest. CPR started by a bystander doubles the likelihood of survival for victims of cardiac arrest.

12. CPR CPR AGE CATEGORIES ADULT Puberty and Higher
CHILD 1-Onset of Puberty
INFANT 0-1

13. ADULT CPR IN THREE SIMPLE STEPS
1. Secure the scene for safety. Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If there is no response, immediately call 911 or point to someone to call 911. In most locations the emergency dispatcher can assist you with CPR instructions. 

14. ADULT CPR IN THREE SIMPLE STEPS
2. Compress Chest
If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. 

15. Push down on the chest at least 2 inches 30 times right between the nipples.  Pump at the rate of /minute.

16. ADULT CPR IN THREE SIMPLE STEPS
3. Airway and Breathing Tilt the head back, lift the chin, pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths.  Each breath should take 1 second. 

17. ADULT CPR IN THREE SIMPLE STEPS
CONTINUE WITH 30 COMPRESSIONS AND 2 BREATHS UNTIL HELP ARRIVES NOTE: This ratio is for one-person & two-person CPR.  In two-person CPR the person pumping the chest stops while the other gives mouth-to-mouth breathing.

18. CHILD CPR CPR for Children
CPR for children is similar to performing for adults. There are, however, 3 differences.
1) If you are alone with the child give two minutes (5 cycles) of CPR before calling 911
2) Use the heel of one hand for chest compressions
3) Compress at a depth of about 2 inches.

19. INFANT CPR CPR for Infants (Age <1)
Shout and gently tap the infant on the foot. If there is no response, position the infant on his or her back
                          

20. INFANT CPR Give 30 Compressions
Give thirty gentle chest compressions at the rate of per minute. Position your 3rd and 4th fingers in the center of the chest half an inch below the nipples. Press down approximately 1/2 inches.

21. INFANT CPR Open The Airway
Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the head too far back.
Give 2 Gentle Puffs
If the baby is NOT breathing give 2 small gentle puffs. Cover the baby's mouth and nose with your mouth. Each breath should be 1. second long. You should see the baby's chest rise with each breath.

22. Repeat
Repeat with 2 breaths and 30 compressions. After two minutes (5 cycles) of repeated cycles call 911 and continue giving breaths and compressions.

23. C. P. R.

40. Objectives How the heart functions What a heart attack is
By the end of this session you will be better informed about:
How the heart functions
What a heart attack is
Heart attack warning signs
The importance of rapid treatment for a heart attack
What to do if warning signs happen
How to reduce your risk of heart disease

41. Heart Disease: Major Problem in the United States
Heart disease #1 killer
Coronary heart disease
Major form
Affects about 12 million Americans
Heart attack
1.1 million affected each year
460,000 deaths
Half occur before reaching hospital

42. How Your Heart Functions
The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients.
Coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

43. What Is a Heart Attack?
Blood flow through one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked.
Heart disease, which can lead to a heart attack, develops over time as fatty deposits narrow coronary arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart.

44. How Does a Heart Attack Happen?
Coronary artery becomes blocked—usually by a clot.
Blood flow is closed off and a heart attack begins.
If blockage continues, parts of the heart muscle start to die.
Heart may stop beating.

45. What Stops a Heart Attack?
Quick action and medical treatment restore blood flow and save heart muscle.
Dead heart muscle cannot be restored.

46. Importance of Rapid Treatment
“Clot-busting” drugs break up clots, restoring blood flow.
Angioplasty opens artery, restoring blood flow.
Balloon
Stent

47. Importance of Rapid Treatment
Ideally, treatments should be given within 1 hour after symptoms start.
The more heart muscle that is saved, the better the chance of survival.

48. Heart Attack Warning Signs
Chest discomfort—pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in center of chest
Discomfort in one or both arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
Shortness of breath, may come before or with chest discomfort
Breaking out in a cold sweat
Nausea
Light-headedness

49. What People Expect a Heart Attack to be Like
Crushing chest pain
Sudden, intense, falls to the floor—like in the movies

50. What Is a Heart Attack Really Like?
Heart attacks often begin with vague symptoms that slowly intensify.
Pain or discomfort can be relatively mild.
Symptoms may come and go.
Variety of symptoms may signal danger.

51. Reaction to a Heart Attack
May not be sure it is a heart attack
May confuse with symptoms of other diseases or conditions
May not want to believe risk
May ignore symptoms or take a wait-and-see approach

52. Delay Can Be Deadly
Patient delay is the biggest cause of not getting care fast.
Do not wait more than a few minutes— 5 at the most—to call
9-1-1

53. Why People Delay Think symptoms are due to something else
Afraid or unwilling to admit symptoms are serious
Embarrassed about:
“Causing a scene”
Having a false alarm
Do not understand need for getting to hospital fast

54. Why People Do Not Call 9-1-1
Think symptoms are not bad enough
Unaware of benefits of using 9-1-1
Think transporting self is faster
Concern about embarrassment

55. Heart Attacks in Women Women are as vulnerable as men.
Half of all heart attack deaths are in women.
Tend to delay longer than men in seeking help.

56. Heart Attacks in Women Like men, may feel pain or discomfort
Somewhat more likely to experience:
Shortness of breath
Nausea/vomiting
Back or jaw pain
Tend to delay telling others about symptoms to avoid causing bother or worry

57. Advantages of Calling 9-1-1
Brings emergency personnel who can—
Arrive fast and start medical care
Send information to hospital emergency department before the patient’s arrival
Restart or shock the heart if patient goes into cardiac arrest
9-1-1

58. Seven Steps to Survival
1. Learn heart attack warning signs.
2. Think through your steps if warning signs occur.
3. Talk with family and friends about warning signs and calling
4. Talk to your doctor about heart attack risk.

59. Seven Steps to Survival
5. Talk to doctor about what to do if warning signs occur.
6. Gather important information to take to hospital.
7. Call insurance plan to check on coverage.

60. Controllable Risk Factors
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes
High blood cholesterol
High blood pressure
Overweight/obesity
Physical inactivity

61. Non-Controllable Risk Factors
Age
Family history of early heart disease
Previous heart attack or other signs of heart disease