1. Carbon Compounds

2. Carbohydrates
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in ratios of 1:2:1
Carbohydrates end in -OSE
Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy.
Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

3. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates = sugars & starches
Monomers are called monosaccharides. They supply immediate energy for all cell activities. Ex: glucose & fructose
Starches (polysaccharides) store extra sugar for living things. Ex: glycogen (animal starch) & cellulose (plant starch)

4. Carbohydrates

5. Lipids Made of extremely long chains of carbon and hydrogen
They also contain Oxygen
Lipids are large MONOMERS! They are made up of fatty acids and Glycerol
Examples: fats, oils, waxes, steriods
Lipids can be used for long-term energy storage.
Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

6. Lipids

7. Proteins
Macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Proteins are polymers of molecules called amino acids.
Examples: Enzymes (saliva & catalase); Structural Proteins (muscle tissue & protein channels)

8. Proteins Proteins help to:
Control the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes)
Transport small molecules in and out of cells
Fight diseases
Build tissues (ex: muscles)

9. Proteins

10. Nucleic Acids
Macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Nucleic acids are put together by monomers called nucleotides.
Nucleotides consist of 3 parts:
a 5-carbon sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) base

11. Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary (genetic) information.
There are 2 kinds of nucleic acids:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA), which contains the sugar ribose
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains the sugar deoxyribose

12. Nucleic Acids