1. Class Aves and Mammalia Notes

2. Birds Endothermic (warm blooded) Oviparous: lays eggs
Evolutionary Adaptation
Feathers
Wings
Honeycomb (hollow) bones – for Flight
4 Chambered Heart

3. Andean Condor
Bald Eagle

4. Snowy owl
Barn owl

5. Gray Lag Goose

6. Ravens

7. Muted swan
Roadrunner

8. Hummingbird
Bird of Paradise

9. “Warm Blood in Cold Water”
Marine Mammals
“Warm Blood in Cold Water”

10. Characteristics of Marine Mammals
Class Mammalia –
have hair
endothermic
give birth to live young
4 Chambered Heart
Life in water demands high oxygen consumption
They breathe air

11. 1st Adaptation to Breath-hold Diving
Myoglobin – protein found in tissues of marine organisms.
High myoglobin levels allows them to store a lot of oxygen within their bodies.

12. 2nd Adaptation to Breath-hold Diving
Mammalian Diving Reflex:
Pulse rate slows.
Blood flow diverts to heart and brain.
Sink or glide more than they swim.
O2 use decreases

13. Adaptation to Living in Water
Water Pressure:
Lungs and sinuses are flexible and can compress without pain or injury.
Can exhale 95% of total lung volume.

14. Adaptation to Living in Water
Movement through Dense Medium:
Streamlining and hydrodynamics
Skin is elastic and responsive
Loss of cells acts as a lubricant that minimizes water drag.

15. Adaptation to Living in Water
Senses:
Echolocation – natural sonar. (Whales and Dolphins)
Seals and Sea lions have:
sensitive hearing
good eyesight under water
keen sense of smell in the air.

16. Seals and Sea Lions Order Pinnipedia Seals are “True” seals
Lack ear flaps
Rear flippers point backward
Sea Lions are called the “Fur” seals
Have ear flaps
Hind flippers can rotate underneath them

17. Dolphins, Whales, and Porpoises
Order Cetacea
Suborder Mysticeti – Baleen Whales
Humpback, Gray, Blue, and other large whales
Filter Feeders
Suborder Odontoceti – Toothed Whales
Sperm, Orcas, Dolphins, and Porpoises
Predators

18. Dugongs and Manatees Order Sirenia – 4 species
Only herbivorous marine mammals
Migrate from fresh and saltwater habitats
Relatives of the elephant
“Sea Cows”

19. Marine Mammals and Human Interaction
Whaling
Hunting seals and manatees
Dolphins killed as bycatch
Pollution and overfishing

20. Egg-Laying Mammals Monotremes: Examples: Platypus and Echidna
These are mammals with hair, stores fat and has mammary glands but they do not have placental birth

21. Marsupials
Mammals that young are not fully developed when they are born.
The undeveloped baby goes into a pouch on the mom where it is fed by mammary glands.
Examples: Kangaroos, Koala bears, Tazmanian Devils