1. 7.9 Factors That Influence Human Population Growth
Humans, unlike other kinds of organisms, can make conscious decisions based on the likely course of events and adjust our lives accordingly

2. 7.9 Factors That Influence Human Population Growth
Biological Factors
Demography is the study of populations and their characteristics, how those characteristics affect growth, and the consequences of that growth.
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the number of children a woman has during her lifetime.

3. 7.9 Factors That Influence Human Population Growth
Biological Factors
A total fertility rate of 2.1 is known as replacement fertility; parents produce 2 children who will replace the parents when they die.
Zero population growth is when the birth rate equals death rate.
The age distribution is the number of people of each age in the population.
(population pyramids)

4. 7.9 Factors That Influence Human Population Growth
Social Factors
The major social factors determining family size are the status and desires of women in the culture.
In male-dominated cultures, traditional role of women is to marry and raise children.
Early marriages foster high fertility rates.
In Africa, 17% of births are to women in the year-old range.
Total Fertility Rate of 5

6. 7.9 Factors That Influence Human Population Growth

7. 7.9 Factors That Influence Human Population Growth
Social Factors
Lack of education opportunities for women reduces their options.
When level of education increases, fertility rates fall.
Financial independence leads to marriage later in life.
Better-educated women are more likely to have access to and use birth control.

8. 7.9 Factors That Influence Human Population Growth
Social Factors:
In some cultures women desire large families:
In countries where infant mortality is high, it is traditional to have large families since several of a woman’s children may not live to adulthood.
Parents are more secure when there are many children to look after their own needs in old age.