1. BELLWORK: April 6th
List three reasons why Brezhnev was an ineffective leader.
Summarize perestroika. Was it effective? Explain!
Summarize glasnost. Was it effective? Explain!
THINKER: Make a prediction  How would Gorbachev’s policies impact the governments of Soviet Satellite States?

2. The Rise of Gorbachev Leader of his provincial Communist Party
Elected to the National Communist Party in 1980; quickly became a high profile reformer.
Worked to replace 2/3 of high level leaders with younger people.
Visited many European countries, which opened his eyes to the world.
Social Modernization!

3. The Rule of Gorbachev Two major programs: glasnost and perestroika.
His reforms would contribute to the fall of the USSR

4. Perestroika Description
Effects
Description
Not closely monitored (like China) & they lost control
Supply-demand relationship was one-sided
Government control of prices and production remained
Government spending increased
“Restructuring”
Implemented fundamental reforms by allowing free enterprise/free markets
These reforms included: decentralization & foreign investment
Perestroika

5. glasnost Description Effects “Openness”
Censorship collapsed, revealing fundamental societal problems
Dissenters & political prisoners freed
Long-denied problems (housing, food shortages, alcoholism, pollution, mortality rates, minority rights, and government crimes) now received increased attention
Led to an explosion of popular culture – Western literature, art, religion, etc.
Nationalism and independent movements in the Satellite states
“Openness”
Soviets desired democratic reforms
Transparency in government institutions & activities
Gorbachev believed this may help reduce corruption and moderate the abuse of administrative power
glasnost

6. The difference between Brezhnev and gorbachev???
***Brezhnev enforced tight control of satellite states, while Gorbachev allowed them to conduct affairs on their own…… this will lead to the collapse of the Iron Curtain and several Eastern European revolts in 1989.

7. Eastern European Dissent
Steps leading to the fall of the USSR
Use the yellow worksheet to take notes on this section (4.4)!
Complete “background” and “causes” boxes using next two slides!
The rest of class should be spent on homework and finishing the worksheet …… NO HANGMAN!

8. Eastern European dissent: background
In June 1989, Gorbachev declared that political unrest in Eastern Europe was a domestic issue and the USSR would not intervene
“What Poles & Hungarians decide is their affair, but we will respect their decision whatever it is.”
In effect, he was announcing the end of the Brezhnev Doctrine and proclaimed there would be no Soviet military involvement in rebellions.
Gorbachev did not foresee the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, he just hoped those governments would introduce reforms similar to his own in the USSR
Eastern European dissent: background

9. Discontent in eastern Europe: causes
Economic backwardness & low living standards (worsened throughout the 1980’s)
Lack of legitimacy of ruling communist parties
Repressive methods used by ruling parties
Internal political divisions
Impact of Gorbachev’s reforms
Discontent in eastern Europe: causes

11. Dissent grows  Revolution!!!!!
1989 – the year of revolutions!
Quick collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe
Single party Communist-rule was swept aside in bloodless revolutions in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania & Bulgaria
There had been a long history of opposition to communism in Eastern Europe, but all revolts/disturbances were put down militarily…things were different now!
Dissent grows  Revolution!!!!!
(Do not need to write this slide down – it’s for context )

12. HOMEWORK: DUE MONDAY! Read 4.4  pages 203-210
Poland section requires additional reading (see worksheet)
As you read, complete the graphic organizer for notes!
Just because it is NOT on the graphic organizer does NOT mean you can skip the content 
I will check the worksheet for points on Monday.
You should also work on term cards! Remember they are due with your exam on Thursday April 12th!!!

13. BELLWORK: MONDAY 4/9
In six words or less  why did Eastern European nations revolt in 1989? How and why was this a cause for the fall of the USSR?
THINKER: Even though Gorbachev promised internal affairs of Eastern European nations were “domestic issues,” several communist leaders believed he still should’ve/could’ve intervened to restrict revolts. Do you agree with this? Could Gorbachev have done anything to stop revolution from spreading? Why do you think he decided not to intervene?

14. Effects of Prague Spring
US condemned actions (too involved in Vietnam)
UN resolution vetoed by USSR
Protests within Soviet sphere (showed discontent under Soviet control)
Soviets losing control of Red Army
Military occupation of Eastern Europe continued
Brezhnev Doctrine adopted… What was this?

16. Poland
Independent Self-governing Labour Union "Solidarity"
General Wojciech Jaruzelski Leader of Communist Party of Poland & Head of State ( ) – banned Solidarity
Lech Wałęsa – Co-founder & leader of Solidarity; president of Poland ( )

17. Jaruzelski with Cuban leader, Castro (above), and Romanian Head of State, Nicolae Ceaușescu (right)

18. 30-years of Solidarity mural in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Poland
Priest Jerzy Popiełuszko: gave sermons to striking workers, but was killed by the Communist regime for his association with Solidarity. Pope John Paul II became a global critic of communism and spoke out against religious/cultural oppression  symbol of change!

19. The Velvet Revolution - Czechoslovakia

20. What happened?
In November1989, hundreds of students took to the streets to protest the Czech Communist government.
This escalated into protests lasting from November 19 to late December, drawing half a million people to the streets at its peak.
In late November, the Czech Communist Party relinquished power and free elections were held.

21. Why didn’t Gorbachev stop these revolutions?
Due to advances in weapon delivery, no longer needed Eastern Europe as “buffer zone”
Not prepared to further damage relations with West
Miscalculated the communist regimes of Eastern Europe – thought they would introduce reforms similar to his
Eastern Europe was a financial liability
Cost of stationing troops
Cost of providing Warsaw Pact countries with military supplies
Increased TV ownership & media coverage (“as much the triumph of communication as the failure of communism”)
Why didn’t Gorbachev stop these revolutions?

22. Rise of the Berlin Wall
In August 1961, Khrushchev agreed to close the Berlin border
Why did Khrushchev agree to this?
Growing tensions in Berlin
Pressure from E. German leaders
Increased refugees to the West
Kennedy’s response
Economic problems in the East
Construction of the Berlin Wall began August 13, 1961

24. Proposed Wall with Soviet Checkpoints

28. “Mr. Gorbachev – Tear down this Wall!”
Fall of the berlin wall, 1989
“Mr. Gorbachev – Tear down this Wall!”
atch?v=WjWDrTXMgF8
12 June commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin

29. Riots and protests break out in East Germany.
Border countries allow migration
East Germans storm the wall. Confused and outnumbered, border guards do not fight back.
The wall is breached.
Eventually East and West Germany are reunited in 1990. 29 29

35. Events leading to the fall of the USSR
Death of Mao
Rule of Brezhnev
Arms Limitations
Opposition/Dissent
Rule of Gorbachev
Eastern European Revolutions

36. How were China & Eastern European countries different regarding their challenges to socialism?

37. HOMEWORK: due Wednesday!
To learn about the official end of the USSR and Cold War, read pages
Don’t forget to work on term cards!!! You will have some in-class time on Wednesday too!