1. Chapter 10 review

2. Development
The process of economic growth, expansion or realization of regional resource potential.

3. Measuring Development
Gross National Product (GNP)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Measure of the total value of the officially recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in a given year. Includes things produced inside and outside a country’s territory.
Measure of the total value of the officially recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in a given year.

4. Measurement Gross National Income (GNI)
Measure of the monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country.
** Most common measurement used today.

5. Measurement
Purchasing Power Parity- accounts for what money actually buys in different countries.
Net National Product- measure of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, including abroad, minus the loss of natural resource capital.

6. Measurement
Human Development Index- Measure used by the United Nations that calculates development in terms of human welfare.
3 parameters
1. life expectancy
2. education
3. income

7. Life Expectancy

8. Human Development Index

9. Measurement Occupational Structure of the Labor Force
Productivity per Worker
Transportation and Communications
Facilities per Person
Dependency Ratio
Gender Equity

10. All measurements count the:
Formal Economy – the legal economy that governments tax and monitor.
All measurements do not count the:
Informal Economy – the illegal or uncounted economy that governments do not tax or keep track of.

11. Patterns of Development
Fast World- areas of the world, usually the economic core, that experience greater levels of connection due to high speed telecommunications and transportation technologies.

12. Patterns of Development
Fast World- areas of the world, usually the economic core, that experience greater levels of connection due to high speed telecommunications and transportation technologies.
Slow World- the developing world that doesn’t experience the benefits of high speed telecommunications and transportation technology.

13. Modernization Model
Walt Rostow’s model assumes all countries follow a similar path to development or modernization, advancing through five stages of development, climbing a ladder of development. - traditional - preconditions of takeoff - takeoff - drive to maturity - high mass consumption

14. Problems with Rostow Development can mean different things:
Social welfare
Ecological sustainability
(not just high consumption)

15. Problems with Rostow Development can mean different things:
Social welfare
Ecological sustainability
(not just high consumption)
Also:
Does not account for:
Politics, war, culture, physical geography.

16. Dependency Theory
The political and economic relationships between countries and regions of the world control and limit the economic development possibilities of poorer areas.

17. Commodity Chain
Series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market.

18. Development and Location
Backwash effect- negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region.
Economic backwaters- regions that fail to gain from economic development.

19. Can we achieve…
Sustainable development- the idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting the ability of future generations to do the same.

20. Sustainability
Renewable resources- can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time, usually no longer than the length of a human life.
Nonrenewable resources- natural resources such as fossil fuels, that do not replenish themselves in a timeframe that is relevant for human consumption.

21. Ecotourism
Tourism based on enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way

22. Vocabulary
Export Processing Zones (EPZ)- areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export oriented industries.
Maquiladoras- Those US firms that have factories just outside the US/Mexican border in areas that have been designated by the Mexican government.

23. Regionalization
The process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country.

24. Islands of Development
Places within a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure are concentrated.

25. Islands of Development
Places within a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure are concentrated.
Created by Corporations and Governments

26. Nongovernmental Organizations
entities that operate independent of state and local governments, typically, NGOs are non-profit organizations. Each NGO has its own focus/set of goals.