1. Outline 1. The Ionic Basis of the Resting Membrane Potential
2. Four Factors Determine the Ionic Distribution that Underlies the Resting Membrane
Potential
a. Differential Permeability of the Membrane
b. Sodium-Potassium Pumps
c. Diffusion (Random Motion)
d. Electrostatic Pressure
3. Postsynaptic Potentials
4. Generation of Action Potentials
5. Ionic Events Underlying Action Potentials
6. Conduction of Action Potentials
a. Action Potentials are Nondecremental and Slow
b. Myelin Increases the Speed of Conduction

13. Synaptic Transmission
Outline:
1. Synaptic Contacts and Transmission
a. Structure of Synapses
b. Synthesis, Packing & Transport of Neurotransmitter Molecules
c. Release of Neurotransmitter Molecules
d. Activation of Receptors
e. Reuptake, Degradation and Recycling
2. Neurotransmitters and Receptors
a. Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
b. Monoamine Neurotransmitters
c. Acetylcholine
d. Soluble Gas Neurotransmitters
e. Neuropeptide Neurotransmitters
3. Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission

27. Agonists Increase synthesis of NTs Block enzymes that destroy NTs
Tryptophan (turkey; warm milk)
L-Dopa
Block enzymes that destroy NTs
MAO inhibitors (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
Increase release from terminal buttons
Amphetamine – reverse transporter
Black widow venom – promotes release of ACh by interacting with the releasing proteins on presynaptic membrane
Block Autoreceptor
Research drugs (couldn’t find any interesting ones)
Bind to post synaptic receptor and cause effects, or increase effectiveness of NT
Benzodiazepines = Valium
Block deactivation
SSRI = Prozac; Zoloft
SNRI = Effexor; Cymbalta
Cocaine

29. Antagonists Blocks synthesis of NTs
AMPT – blocks production of DA – can increase symptoms of depression in lab.
Blocks storage/increases destruction of NTs
Reserpine Blocks storage of monamines; used to treat high blood pressure; depression can be a side effect
Prevent release of NTs
Botulinum Toxin - Botulism (food poisoning). This toxin prevents the release of Ach leading to paralysis and potentially death
Small doses prevent wrinkles = Botox
Activate autoreceptor
Aripiprazole – Inhibits DA release by activating the autoreceptor – used as an antipsychotic
Block receptor
Some antipsychotic drugs. Drugs that block serotonin receptors are used to treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia (social problems, flattened affect).l