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AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 4
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Stronger depolarizing stimulus
LE 48-12 Stimuli Stimuli Stronger depolarizing stimulus +50 +50 +50 Action potential Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) –50 Threshold –50 Threshold –50 Threshold Resting potential Resting potential Resting potential Hyperpolarizations Depolarizations –100 –100 –100 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (msec) Time (msec) Time (msec) Graded potential hyperpolarizations Graded potential depolarizations Action potential
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Action potential moving toward the CNS
Schwann cell Depolarized region (node of Ranvier) Cell body Myelin sheath Axon
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Dendrites of the neurons
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Summation and the Threshold potential
Stimuli Stimuli Stronger depolarizing stimulus +50 +50 +50 Action potential Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) –50 Threshold –50 Threshold –50 Threshold Resting potential Resting potential Resting potential Hyperpolarizations Depolarizations –100 –100 –100 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (msec) Time (msec) Time (msec) Graded potential hyperpolarizations Graded potential depolarizations Action potential
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Heat Light touch Pain Cold Hair Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Nerve
Stimulus receptors Heat Light touch Pain Cold Hair Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Nerve Connective tissue Hair movement Strong pressure
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Middle and Inner Ear
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Inside the Cochlea
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Cochlear Duct
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Balance and the Inner ear
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Taste
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Smell
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. Lateral line Lateral line canal Scale Opening of lateral line canal
Epidermis Neuromast Segmental muscles of body wall Lateral nerve Cupula Sensory hairs Supporting cell Hair cell Nerve fiber
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Statosyst Ciliated receptor cells Cilia Statolith Sensory nerve fibers
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Tympanum for hearing
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. Tympanic membrane 1 mm
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