1. 3.6 NOTES Sources and Uses of Metals

2. C.2 Sources and Uses of Metals
Human needs for resources must be met by what is available on earth
Figure 2.15 on page 134 details the layers of the Earth

3. Layer
Thickness
Composition
Atmosphere
100 km
N2: 78%; O2: 21%; Ar: .9%; He + Ne: <.01%; variable amounts H2O, CO2, etc
Hydrosphere
5 km
H2O; 3.5% NaCl; Mg, S, Ca, ions
Lithosphere
6400 km:
Crust
Top 40 km
Silicates, coal, carbonates, oxides, sulfides
Mantle km
Silicates of Mg and Fe
Core
2900 km to center
Fe, Ni

5. Atmosphere Composition: N2, O2, Ne, Ar, H2O, CO2
Purpose: provide gases and allows us to breathe

6. Hydrosphere Composition: mostly H2O and dissolved minerals
Purpose: provide H2O and minerals.

7. Lithosphere
Composition: crust - surface; mantle - middle layer; core - center
Purpose: provide ores and petroleum

9. Ores
Definition – naturally occurring rock that can be mined and is profitable to extract minerals from it.
Minerals:
Definition – naturally occurring solid compound that contains a compound or group of metals of interest.

11. The earth can be compared to an apple
The crust is similar in thickness to the skin
The rest of the apple makes up the mantle and core

12. True or False: Resources are evenly distributed across the world
Discuss
Certain areas have more minerals than others
Unequal distribution has been a major source of division because of the value of these areas of where there are lots of resources.

13. Iron

14. Gold

15. Copper

16. There are many things to consider when choosing a site to mine
Amount of useful ore.
Percentage of metal in the ore.
Geology/Geography
Distance from mine to refining location
Distance to market
Environemental impact
Type of mining and Equipment

17. Copper has many properties that make it a desirable material.
Second to silver in Conductivity
Somewhat low cost, malleable, corrosion resistant,
It is ductile

18. Ores used to have a much higher percentage of copper.
Mining techniques were not very advanced
Today miners are able to extract copper from ores with as little as 1% Cu
The life cycle of copper
molding
Ore  copper metal (molten)  Uses
Reduction casting
recycled copper