1. 5.11 – Notes Oxidation and Reduction

2. C.10 Mining and Refining
After an ore has been mined, it must be refined before it can be used.
Refining: removing of impurities from a desired material
With metals: use various methods to produce a free metal from an ore or ores

3. A chemical change when a reactant gains one or more electrons
Reduction
A chemical change when a reactant gains one or more electrons
Metal ion  metal atom
Nonmetal atom  nonmetal ion
Cations in a compounds (metals) get reduced when they get electrons from other elements

4. Oxidation When a species/reactant loses an electron
Metal atom  metal ion
Nonmetal ion  nonmetal atoms

5. Ways to remember which is oxidation and which is reduction
OIL RIG
Oxidation Is Losing, Reduction is Gaining
LEO the lion goes GER
Losing Electrons Oxidation, Gaining Electrons Reduction

6. Oxidation-reduction reactions
Abbreviated to redox reactions
Occur together in reactions
Can’t have one without the other

7. Oxidizing agent Reducing agent Species involved in removing electrons
Whatever gets reduced
Reducing agent
Species involved in gaining electrons
Whatever gets oxidized

9. Uses of redox reactions to obtain pure metals
Electrometallurgy
An electric current supplies electrons to metal ions, which reduces them

10. Uses of redox reactions to obtain pure metals
Pyrometallurgy
Oldest ore processing method
Treats metals with heat in a blast furnace
Carbon and carbon monoxide are common reducing agents
Provide electrons

11. Uses of redox reactions to obtain pure metals
Hydrometallurgy
Treating ores with reactants in a water solution
Used to recover silver and gold from old mine tailings by leaching
Tailings- mined rock that is left over after most of metal is removed
Leaching- extraction of materials from something into a liquid

12. 4.11 – NOTES Electroplating

13. C.13 Electroplating Electroplating
Covering one metal with another through redox reactions
Example: chrome plating a vehicle

14. Half reaction equations
Separately represent the reduction and oxidation parts of a reaction
One reaction shows oxidation, the other shows reduction
Cathode
Where reduction occurs,
Accepts e-
Anode
Where oxidation occurs
Source of e-
Platings are bonded to the surface

16. C.14 The Life Cycle of a Material
You must consider the full life cycle of all materials involved
Raw materials are refined and synthesized into the desired material
Energy and resources are used to process each step
Energy is needed for everything, resources provide this energy.