1. Glucose Homeostasis
SBI4U Biology

2. Why Glucose matters: Primary metabolic ‘fuel’
Used constantly by living cells
As a solute, increases concentration of all fluids
Can create hypertonic ICF, ECF

3. Glucose uptake Into Intestinal cells: Sodium Symport channel
Into Blood: Facilitated Diffusion by channel protein

4. The Pancreas Exocrine function: digestive enzymes, bicarbonate
Endocrine function: production of insulin & glucagon in Islets of Langerhans
a cells = glucagon
b cells = insulin

5. Antagonistic Pairing Antagonists: opposites, rivals.
Insulin: stimulus is increased blood glucose; response is to lower it (helps cells absorb it more readily)
All cells respond to insulin
Glucagon: stimulus is low blood glucose; response is to elevate it by glycogenolysis
Mainly liver, muscle respond to glucagon

6. Glucose Homeostasis

7. Glucose Homeostasis

8. Diabetes & Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia: elevated blood glucose
Diabetes: strong hereditary link; juvenile, adult onset, gestational.
Insulin Resistance: slowed response of tissues to insulin; link to obesity, old age.

9. Diabetes & Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia: elevated blood glucose
Diabetes: strong hereditary link; juvenile, adult onset, gestational.
Insulin Resistance: slowed response of tissues to insulin; link to obesity, old age.

10. Type 1 Diabetes - Juvenile

11. Type 2 Diabetes – Adult Onset

12. Type 3 - Gestational Diabetes