1. Effects of the War
Chapter 11.5

2. Focus Question
What were the major immediate and long term effects of WWII?

3. Allies Set Post War Goals
WWII was different than WWI, because it was fought till the bitter end (even when defeat was certain).
Yalta Conference
Allies due to prolonged fighting had time to make plans for what would happen after the war was over.

4. Allies Set Post War Goals
Big Three: Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
Big Three agree that Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania are to hold free elections (Stalin will not keep promise).
FDR and Churchill were in no position to push Stalin, because he occupied much of E. Europe and US may need help in defeating Japan.
Vague promises were all Stalin would give.

5. Allies Set Post War Goals
Truman Faces Stalin at Potsdam
The Big Three met again in Potsdam, but instead of FDR, it was Truman, and Churchill was replaced with Atlee.
While at Potsdam Truman learned that Atomic bomb testing was successful
The Big Three agreed to divide Germany into Four Zone, and the Capital of Berlin (France, Britain, Russian, &US).

6. A New World Takes Shape WWII alters political realities and borders.
Poland moves a little westward
Germany is divided into East Germany (Communist) and West Germany (Democratic).
China enters back into a civil war between Nationalist and Communists.
General MacArthur supervises the creation of a Japanese Constitution, and the dismantling of the military except for defensive purposes.

7. International Cooperation
UN or United Nations formed in 1945.
50 nations met to ratify charter and it’s permanent home in NY City.
5 members that were allies during WWII make up the most powerful committee known as the Security Council: France, Soviet Union, Britain, USA, and China.
UN issues Universal Declaration of Civil Rights in 1948

8. War Criminals Go on Trial
During the WWII the Axis powers and their treatment of prisoner violated the Geneva Convention
Allies tried more than a thousand Japanese citizens for atrocities in China, Korea, and Southeast Asia.
Americans followed more closely the Nuremberg Trials, which tried Nazis for War Crimes and detailed the horrors of the Holocaust.
There were periodic trials after, because we captured those who had escaped earlier.