1. DO NOW What do you remember from World History about the Cold War?
What can you tell me about the difference between Communism and Capitalism?

2. Cold War

3. Origins of the Cold War
During WWII, Soviet Union and US allies, but became suspicious of each other
Soviet Union had once been Hitler’s ally
Stalin learned the U.S. was trying to keep the atomic bomb a secret
Post WW2, USSR and U.S. came out as rival superpowers
Europe split between East and West 
East= Soviet
West = US/Britain/France
Most notable split was Germany
Divided into 4 zones
3 western zones occupied by U.S. Britain and France  later combined them

4. USSR vs. US
Different ideas of what post-WWII world should look like = created tension
Both nations realized communism and capitalism not compatible  led to Cold War  “war of ideologies,”
U.S & USSR never directly went to battlefield
Truman – US
Spread democracy
Free trade across the globe to prevent spread of communism
Stalin – USSR
Had right to claim Eastern Europe due to losses during WWII and to protect from western attacks
Installed communist governments in surrounding nations (Satellite Nations)

5. United States and Containment
U.S. saw Soviet’s communist control as a threat
Establish policy of: Containment Taking measures to prevent extension of communist rule to other countries
Shaped U.S foreign policy for Cold War
Truman Doctrine: Policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted control by outside pressures
First goal was to stop communism from spreading to Greece & Turkey
Congress to provide $400million in economic and military aid

6. Containment Cont. Western Europe mess after WW2
Factories bombed or looted
People living in refugee camps
Cold weather damages crops and froze waters, cutting off water transportation
Fuel shortages
Sec. of State George Marshall felt U.S should provide aid to all European countries that need it
To fight against “hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.”
Establish Marshall Plan
16 countries received 13 billion in aid
Helped stop the spread of communism because as cities flourished from the aid, the communist party lost its appeal to voters

7. Berlin Blockade
Nations needed to decide what to do about German reunification
West part of Berlin = Allied powers; East part =Soviet Union
Because Germany was split, the allies had no agreement with Soviet Union about free access to Berlin
Stalin saw this as a chance to take over the west and created Berlin Blockade: He closed off all highway and rail routes into West Berlin
No fuel or food reached West Berlin
Americans/British started Berlin airlift: in attempt to bring supplies to west Berlin
Drop-offs Around the clock
Boosted American prestige; Stalin lifted the blockade

8. NATO and Warsaw Pact
Berlin Blockade increased Western European fear of Soviet aggression
12 nations got together to form: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): defensive military alliance  pledged military support to one another in case any member was attacked
Other nations joined later, including allied occupied West Germany
When west Germany was joined NATO, USSR grew fearful and created: Warsaw Pact
USSR Military alliance with 7 Eastern European nations

9. U.S. Involvement in Korea and Vietnam
Policy of containment led the U.S. to battle in these nations
Korea
38th parallel (creates North & South Korea
North Korea: Japanese surrendered to Soviets
South Korea: Occupied by US
North Korea attacked South Korea  war begins ( )
Ends with stalemate
Vietnam
France trying to reestablish control in Vietnam after WW2
U.S gives economic and military support
Communist party started in Vietnam after harsh French rule
Eisenhower justified U.S. involvement in Vietnam through domino theory: If one nation falls to communism, so will the surrounding nations

10. How does all this relate to the project?
It’s easy to look back on the past and point out what went wrong. This is the benefit of 20/20 hindsight. However, our job as historians is to examine the past and analyze what motivated our government to enact the policies they enacted. We can still evaluate whether these decisions were right or wrong, but it’s important to understand the world that they lived in and the perceptions which might have shaped their actions. So let’s keep this in mind as we approach tonight’s reading.

11. Approaching the Reading
The most effective way to approach a text is by having an idea of what you want out of that text. With this in mind, let’s create a lens through which we can view tonight’s reading.
Overall Question: Why did the U.S. distrust/fear the U.S.S.R. and Communism?
What were the underlying motivations in the creation of our containment policies (Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan)
What motivated the U.S.’s foreign policies in the Korean peninsula, Cuba and Vietnam?
How were the U.S.’s actions in Korea, Cuba and Vietnam an extension of our containment policy?

12. Annotation
If you are struggling to figure what the should I annotate about, here are some suggestions.
Answers to the questions on the previous slide.
Short summaries of sections that look important.
Questions you have about the reading.
Connections to other events in history, literature, etc..
Topics of further research.