1. Warm Up – April 24 Answer the following questions on a post it:
Describe the Four Causes of World War II
What kind of attack was Germany using when attempting conquer different countries? What is the purpose of this kind of attack?
Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
Why was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor so successful?
What did the Japanese hope to accomplish by attacking Pearl Harbor? What was the United States response?

2. The European Theater European Theater
Name given to the fighting that took place in Europe
1942: Britain stood alone against Axis in the west
Gen. Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Allied Commander of the European Theater
Allies first invaded through Sicily and up into Italy
Mussolini was overthrown and killed

3. The European Theater Eastern Front: Stalingrad
The Nazis were fighting the Russians in Stalingrad (Aug 1942-Feb 1943)
One of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare
Nazis are defeated; turning point of the war for the Allies

4. D-Day

5. The European Theater Western Front: D-Day
General Eisenhower planned D-Day for June 6, 1944
Allied invasion across English Channel into Normandy, France
Largest military invasion in history
Allies success allowed them to push further into France

6. The European Theater Battle of the Bulge Hitler’s last major offensive
Allies were pushing from the West (from France), South through Italy, and from the East (Soviets)
Germany was surrounded

7. The European Theater German Surrender
Hitler committed suicide before he could be captured
Germany officially surrendered on May 7, 1945; following day is known as VE Day
Now the Allies had to figure out how to defeat Japan

8. Theaters of War War theater – area where warring activities occur
European theater– German and Italian forces
Pacific theater – Japanese forces

9. Japanese Pacific Domination
Jan-June 1942 – Japan conquered:
Mainland: Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, and a large region of China
Pacific: Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Island, the Solomon Islands, 2 Alaskan islands, and more
General Douglas MacArthur – in command of Allied forces in the Philippines
Losing  FDR ordered him to return home  “I shall return.”

10. Doolittle’s Raid Spring 1942 – tide turns for Allies in the Pacific
April 18, 1942 – Doolittle's Raid
Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bombers in an air raid on Tokyo and other cities
Pearl Harbor style air attack... Americans pleased, Japanese hurt

11. Battle of Midway Midway – an island northwest of Hawaii
Japanese code broken to reveal the planned attack on Midway
Admiral Chester Nimitz to defend Midway
June 3, 1942 – US scouts found Japanese fleet
Nimitz sent American torpedo planes and dive bombers
Japanese could not react to bombers, all aircrafts remained on the decks  Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers and 250 planes
Americans had “avenged Pearl Harbor.” – Japanese official

12. Battle of Midway
TURNING POINT in WWII in the Pacific in favor of the Allies  “island hopping” to get closer to Japan

13. Allies on the Offensive
August 1942 – 19,000 Allied troops stormed Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands  Japanese left island in early 1943 (1st defeat on land)
“Island of Death”
Island hopped back to the Philippines in Oct 1944
“People of the Philippines: I have returned.” - MacArthur

14. The Japanese Defense
Kamikaze – “divine wind” – attack in which Japanese pilots crashed their bomb-laden planes into Allied ships
Not used until 1944
“a strange mixture of respect and pity” – Vice Admiral Charles Brown
Despite the effectiveness of kamikazes, Japanese defense in the Philippines was a disaster
Lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers, and 500 men
Japanese Imperial Navy severely damaged

15. Iwo Jima
Feb-March After success in Philippines, MacArthur and Allies turned to the island of Iwo Jima
“sulfur island”
Critical asset for Allies  wanted to set up a temporary base to be close to Japan
Heavily guarded with 27,000 Japanese soldiers
6,000 marines died – most deadly battle in the Pacific at that time
Only 200 Japanese survived
Most-enduring image of WWII

16. The Battle for Okinawa April 1945 – US marines invaded Okinawa
an Island off of Japan (340 miles) - “Typhoon of Steel”
Allied ships suffered large kamikaze attacks, as well as large land casualties
7,600 Americans killed < 110,000 Japanese killed
2 Japanese generals committed suicide
Allies one step closer to mainland Japan

17. The Manhattan Project
Allied victory at Okinawa opened the way for an invasion of Japan BUT Allied leaders knew Japanese troops would put up a strong fight to protect the island.
Truman decided to use a powerful new weapon – the atomic bomb developed by the Manhattan Project
Truman didn’t know about project until POTUS
Led by General Leslie Groves and American scientist, J. Robert Oppenheimer
July 16, 1945 – 1st test a red-hot elephant standing balanced on its trunk.”

18. Truman’s Decision
July 26, 1945 – Truman ordered military to make final plans to drop atomic bombs on 2 Japanese targets
“The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used.”
US warned Japan that it faced “prompt and utter destruction” if it did not surrender immediately.

19. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 6, 1945 – Enola Gay (B-29 bomber) dropped “Little boy” over Hiroshima (Japanese military hub)  ceased to exist
August 9, 1945 – Bockscar dropped “Fat Man” on Nagasaki  leveled half of city
By end of 1945 – almost 200,000 people died of injuries because of the bomb itself or radiation
September 2, 1945 – Victory Over Japan Day aka “V-J Day” - Emperor Hirohito surrendered Japan

20. The Occupation of Japan
7 year American occupation of Japan ( ) with MacArthur in command
7 Japanese officials sentenced to death (Tojo)
1,100 Japanese lower officials and guards arrested and tried
Reshaped Japanese economy by introducing free-market practices
Oversaw the writing of a new constitution with suffrage for women and guaranteed basic freedoms  MacArthur Constitution

21. ATOMIC BOMB DEBATE 1 – you are arguing FOR dropping the atomic bombs
2 – you are arguing AGAINST dropping the atomic bombs

22. TOD - April 24 Answer the following questions on the same post it:
1. What were the four major causes of World War II?
2. What strategy did the British and French use in response to Hitler’s aggression? What was the result?
3. How did the United States become the ”arsenal of democracy?” (What two acts did they pass in order to supply the Allies with weapons and supplies?)
4. What battles were considered turning points in both the European and Pacific Theaters? Why are these battles considered turning points?
5. What reason do you think is given in support of dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?