1. Water Temperature Lab

2. Create two graphs similar to this
Temperature (oC)
100 75 50 25 5 10 15 20 30
Time (minutes)

3. Hypotheses
What will temperature graph look like from freezing water to boiling?
Why?
What will temperature graph look like for tap water versus salt water?
What will temperature graph look like for tap water versus sugar water?
Of salt water and sugar water, which will boil fastest and why?
Will the ice to steam, salt water, and sugar water mixtures boil at the same temperature? Why or why not?

4. Materials Note paper, pencil Hot plate Beaker Thermometer
Jar (for measuring)
Ice
salt (NaCl)
Sugar (C12H22O11)

5. Procedure In groups of 2 Pick a lab table Gather materials
Turn on hot plate
Part 1:
Fill beaker with ice
Add water to fill line and place on hot plate
Record initial temperature then rerecord every 30 seconds until boiling
Part 2:
Add salt then water to fill line
Part 3:
Add sugar then water to fill line

6. Post Lab Did all three of your graphs look the same?
Which mixture boiled the fastest?
Which boiled at the lowest temperature?
Are your numbers the same as the other table group’s?

7. Salt vs. Sugar Phase Changes You Tube Video
Boiling tap water versus salt water

8. Properties of Water III
Discovery and Origin
Human Body and Functions
Chemical Make Up
A Few Property Refreshers (and some I missed the first time)
Universal Solvent
Capillarity
Pressure

9. Discovery Henry Cavendish Antoine Lavoiser “Discovered” water in 1784
Was the first to synthesize water by combining oxygen (dephlogisticated air) and hydrogen (inflammable air)
Antoine Lavoiser
Father of modern chemistry
Coined the term hydrogen which means “water former”

10. Origin Earth started as a red hot ball of burning liquids and gasses.
When they cooled they formed a solid crust of rock
Then…
Hot gasses from the core were released through volcanoes and geysers to form our atmosphere
Comets from outer space are believed to have additional water to Earth since even if our atmosphere was 100% water vapor (it is only
Pangea
Water makes up about 75% of Earth’s surface
Most abundant compound in nearly all living things

11. Human Body First nine months of life spent in water (amniotic sac)
Amounts in humans:
Newborn baby: 78% water
Adults: 50-75% water (difference between muscles and lower bone density in older females)
Lungs: 90% water
Blood: 82% water
Skin: 80 % water
Muscle: 75% water
Brain: 70 % water
Bones: 22 % water
Other things:
Jellyfish: 95% water
Dog: 70% water

12. Human Body Functions sweat cools body and gets rid of waste
tears keep eyes clean
lymph fluid flushes out bacteria and germs
saliva breaks food down for digestion
blood carries oxygen and food to cells and waste away from the cells
water filled Kidneys filter blood
water lubricates muscles so they can move

13. Chemical Make Up - Composition
Two parts Hydrogen
One part Oxygen

14. Chemical Make Up - Polarity
Hydrogen is positively charged (+)
Oxygen is negatively charge (-)
When water bonds to anything it orients based on their charges
Water molecules attract or are attracted to other polar molecules
Oil is non-polar and so does not mix with water

16. Simpler View of Water MoleculeH O
Negative charge near Oxygen
Positive charge near Hydrogens

17. Properties - Pressure 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds
Water Pressure animation
Water pressure can be deadly

18. Properties – Universal Solvent
Because of it’s polarity, “+” and “-” ends allow it to bond easily with other molecules
Examples:
water dissolves minerals in the soil for plants to use
gasses such as oxygen for fish to breathe
air born chemicals that form acid rain
water dissolves some types of rock like limestone
Stalactites- hang from ceiling
Stalagmites- grow from the cave floor up
Both are formed by minerals left behind by the evaporated water.

19. Properties – Capillary Action
This property allows plants to soak up water through its roots
A 60m tree soaks up about 4 bath tubs worth of water per day
Water moves against gravity through tubes or capillaries
Walking water

20. Water Property Summary
Water: Liquid Awesome Crash Course