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Water Temperature Lab
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Create two graphs similar to this
Temperature (oC) 100 75 50 25 5 10 15 20 30 Time (minutes)
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Hypotheses What will temperature graph look like from freezing water to boiling? Why? What will temperature graph look like for tap water versus salt water? What will temperature graph look like for tap water versus sugar water? Of salt water and sugar water, which will boil fastest and why? Will the ice to steam, salt water, and sugar water mixtures boil at the same temperature? Why or why not?
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Materials Note paper, pencil Hot plate Beaker Thermometer
Jar (for measuring) Ice salt (NaCl) Sugar (C12H22O11)
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Procedure In groups of 2 Pick a lab table Gather materials
Turn on hot plate Part 1: Fill beaker with ice Add water to fill line and place on hot plate Record initial temperature then rerecord every 30 seconds until boiling Part 2: Add salt then water to fill line Part 3: Add sugar then water to fill line
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Post Lab Did all three of your graphs look the same?
Which mixture boiled the fastest? Which boiled at the lowest temperature? Are your numbers the same as the other table group’s?
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Salt vs. Sugar Phase Changes You Tube Video
Boiling tap water versus salt water
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Properties of Water III
Discovery and Origin Human Body and Functions Chemical Make Up A Few Property Refreshers (and some I missed the first time) Universal Solvent Capillarity Pressure
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Discovery Henry Cavendish Antoine Lavoiser “Discovered” water in 1784
Was the first to synthesize water by combining oxygen (dephlogisticated air) and hydrogen (inflammable air) Antoine Lavoiser Father of modern chemistry Coined the term hydrogen which means “water former”
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Origin Earth started as a red hot ball of burning liquids and gasses.
When they cooled they formed a solid crust of rock Then… Hot gasses from the core were released through volcanoes and geysers to form our atmosphere Comets from outer space are believed to have additional water to Earth since even if our atmosphere was 100% water vapor (it is only Pangea Water makes up about 75% of Earth’s surface Most abundant compound in nearly all living things
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Human Body First nine months of life spent in water (amniotic sac)
Amounts in humans: Newborn baby: 78% water Adults: 50-75% water (difference between muscles and lower bone density in older females) Lungs: 90% water Blood: 82% water Skin: 80 % water Muscle: 75% water Brain: 70 % water Bones: 22 % water Other things: Jellyfish: 95% water Dog: 70% water
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Human Body Functions sweat cools body and gets rid of waste
tears keep eyes clean lymph fluid flushes out bacteria and germs saliva breaks food down for digestion blood carries oxygen and food to cells and waste away from the cells water filled Kidneys filter blood water lubricates muscles so they can move
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Chemical Make Up - Composition
Two parts Hydrogen One part Oxygen
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Chemical Make Up - Polarity
Hydrogen is positively charged (+) Oxygen is negatively charge (-) When water bonds to anything it orients based on their charges Water molecules attract or are attracted to other polar molecules Oil is non-polar and so does not mix with water
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Simpler View of Water Molecule
H O Negative charge near Oxygen Positive charge near Hydrogens
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Properties - Pressure 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds
Water Pressure animation Water pressure can be deadly
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Properties – Universal Solvent
Because of it’s polarity, “+” and “-” ends allow it to bond easily with other molecules Examples: water dissolves minerals in the soil for plants to use gasses such as oxygen for fish to breathe air born chemicals that form acid rain water dissolves some types of rock like limestone Stalactites- hang from ceiling Stalagmites- grow from the cave floor up Both are formed by minerals left behind by the evaporated water.
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Properties – Capillary Action
This property allows plants to soak up water through its roots A 60m tree soaks up about 4 bath tubs worth of water per day Water moves against gravity through tubes or capillaries Walking water
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Water Property Summary
Water: Liquid Awesome Crash Course
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