1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

2. Parts of the Digestive System

3. Parts of the Digestive system
Mouth
Functions
mechanical digestion
Teeth
break up food
chemical digestion (saliva)
amylase enzyme
digests starch
mucus
protects soft lining of digestive system
lubricates food for easier swallowing
buffers
neutralizes acid to prevent tooth decay
anti-bacterial chemicals
kill bacteria that enter mouth with food

4. Parts of the Digestive System
Epiglottis
flap of cartilage
closes trachea (windpipe) when swallowing
food travels down esophagus
Peristalsis
involuntary muscle contractions to move food along

5. Parts of the Digestive System
Stomach
Functions
disinfect food
hydrochloric acid = pH 2
kills bacteria
food storage
can stretch to fit food
digests protein
pepsin enzyme

7. Part of the Digestive System
Small Intestine
Functions
digestion
digest carbohydrates
amylase from pancreas
digest proteins
trypsin & chymotrypsin from pancreas
digest lipids (fats)
bile from liver & lipase from pancreas
absorption

8. Parts of the Digestive System
Small Intestine
Made up of three parts
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

10. Parts of the Digestive System
Cecum
first part of the large intestine
attached to the appendix
Its purpose is to absorb excess fluids and lubricate food with mucus to allow it to pass along the remainder of the digestive tract with ease.
Also act as storage

11. Parts of the Digestive System
Large Intestine functions:
Water absorption
> 90% of water re-absorbed
not enough water re-absorbed
diarrhea
too much water re-absorbed
Constipation
Add mucus to undigested feed
Inside your large intestine are millions of helpful bacteria

13. Parts of the Digestive System
Pancreas
Produces different enzymes for digestion
Neutralizes stomach acid in small intestine
DIABETES!!

14. Parts of the Digestive System
Liver
Production of Bile
Dark green to yellow fluid that digests lipids
Gallbladder
Stores the bile

15. Taurine

16. POULTRY

17. Poultry
                                  
Chickens
Turkeys
Ducks
Geese

18. Poultry Digestive Systems
Mouth or beak
Can not chew food
Esophagus
Connects mouth to crop
Crop
Stores feed

19. Poultry Digestive Systems
Gizzard
Crushes feed
Contains grit and gravel
Mixes feed with digestive juices
Liver
Small and Large Intestine
Vent
Removes solid and liquid waste

20. GIBLETS!!

21. Mono-gastric Stomachs
Non-ruminants

22. Non-ruminants Animals that only have one stomach (mono-gastric).
Dogs, cats, horses, bears, humans, etc.
They can either be herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores.

23. Mouth
Teeth
All teeth are made up of incisors, canines, pre-molars, and molars.

24. Mouth
Animals have three different types of salivary glands (parotid, mandibular, sublingual)
They moisten the food
They lubricate the mouth
Add enzymes and bicarbonate salts

26. Tongue A mass of muscle covered by mucous membranes.
Divided into three parts:
Apex (rostral end)
Body
Root (near the throat)
The muscles are oriented longitudinal, perpendicular, and transverse.

28. Stomach The simple stomach is made up of 4 parts: Fundus
Cardia (near the esophagus)
Body (largest)
Pylorus

29. Carnivore Very Well developed stomach Uncomplicated intestine
Limited fiber digestion

30. Omnivore More complicated GIT than carnivores Colonic digesters
Pigs, humans
Cecal digesters
rat

31. Herbivore Cow- ruminant
Horse- simple stomach, large cecum, large sacculated LI
Rabbit- larger stomach, very large sacculated cecum, unsacculated LI

32. The Ruminant Digestive System

33. Ruminant Digestive Systems
Functions of the digestive system of animals include:
eating (ingestion)
chewing (mastication)
swallowing (deglutition)
absorption of nutrients
elimination of solid wastes (defecation)

35. Ruminant Digestive Systems
The digestive system of ruminant animals includes the :
Mouth - grasps the food
Teeth - grind the food
Ruminants have only one set of teeth in the front of the mouth (incisors), and two sets in the back (molars).

36. Reticulum - full

37. Reticulum - cleaned

38. Ruminant Digestive Systems
While the animal is “chewing its cud” foreign particles that are heavy are allowed to “sink” in the reticulum, preventing many foreign particles from entering the rest of the digestive system.
Once foreign material enters the reticulum, it stays there for the life of the animal.

39. Telephone Cord

40. Wire

41. Sponge taken from digestive system of an animal

42. Ruminant Digestive Systems
Rumen - the organ that allows for bacterial and chemical breakdown of fiber.
25 to 50 billion bacteria
The rumen has a very thick, muscular wall.
It fills most of the left-side of the abdomen
Largest compartment holding 50 gallons.

43. Ruminant Digestive Systems
The walls of the rumen contain papillae (that can be up to 1 cm. in length), where the bacteria that are used to breakdown fiber live.
In some ruminants (dairy cattle) the rumen can have a capacity of gallons!

44. Papillae in Rumen

45. Papillae in Rumen

46. Ruminant Digestive Systems
Omasum - section that is round and muscular.
“Grinds” the food material and prepares the food material for chemical breakdown.
Compartment known as the filter

47. Omasum - full

48. Ruminant Digestive Systems
Abomasum - very similar to the stomach of non-ruminants.
this is where the majority of chemical breakdown of food material occurs.
mixes in digestive enzymes (pepsin, rennin, bile, etc.).

49. Abomasum – inside view