1. The Civil War

2. Fort Sumter
April – Lincoln intends to resupply Fort Sumter (South Carolina)
Does Jefferson Davis allow federal troops in the South’s most vital harbor?
Davis decides to take Fort Sumter b/f the ships arrived
To avoid firing directly on the Union’s supply ship, hopefully to avoid war

3. Civil War Begins
Confederate leaders demand Fort Sumter’s surrender by the morning of April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter did not surrender
April 12, 1861 – cannons b/g to fire on Fort Sumter – b/g the Civil War
The Confederacy bombarded the fort for 33 hours b/f the fort surrendered
No one was killed

4. Fort Sumter

5. More Secession
After Fort Sumter Lincoln called for volunteers to fight
This created a crisis in the Upper South
Faced w/ civil war they felt they had to secede
Virginia led the secession of the Upper South
The Confederacy moved the capital to Richmond, VA
By June 1861 – 3 more states had seceded
Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee

6. The Confederate States of America
Texas, Louisiana,
Tennessee, Mississippi
Alabama, Georgia
Florida, Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Arkansas

7. Border States
Lincoln was determined to keep the slaveholding border states from seceding
Border states – Southern states w/ slavery that stayed in the Union
Delaware
Kentucky
Missouri
Maryland

8. Civil War America

9. Choosing Sides Not everyone in the South supported secession
Winston County, Alabama
Many joined the Union army here
Proclaimed their neutrality in the war
1863 – Western Counties of Virginia
Protested the war by seceding from Virginia
Formed a new state loyal to the North - West Virginia

10. The North The United States of America Also known as the… President
Union, North, Yankees, Blue
President
Abraham Lincoln
Military Leader
Ulysses S. Grant
General in Union Army

11. The South The Confederate States of America Also known as the…
Confederacy, South, Rebels, Gray
President
Jefferson Davis
Military Leader
Robert E. Lee

12. Robert E. Lee From Virginia Officer in the US Army
Was asked to command the Union troops
He was against secession and considered slavery to be evil, but…
He said he could not go against his birthplace, his home, his children
He resigned from the Union army and offered his services to the Confederacy

13. North vs. South More people – 22 million Less people – 9 million
80% of all factories
Weapons, clothing, equipment, gunpowder, etc.
Only one factory capable of producing cannons
No major gunpowder facility
Double the miles of railroad track
Defensive War
Defending their land, more will to fight
Almost every ship in the navy stayed in the Union
Better Generals
1/3 of officers in US Army joined the Confederacy
Better financing – the Union national treasury & tariffs
No Money!
Planters in debt – can’t buy war bonds
No tariffs – Union blockade
Southerners refuse to pay direct taxes
Print money – 9,000 % inflation

14. What’s the Purpose? Northern purpose of the war
To force the rebelling states to realize they did not have the right to leave the Union
To have the rebellion states rejoin the Union peacefully
Federal govt. above state govt.
It was federal property

15. What’s the Purpose? Southern purpose of the war
To force the North to recognize the South’s right to leave the Union
To have the Union see them as an independent nation
State govt. above federal govt.

16. Northern Strategy The Anaconda Plan…
Blockade Confederate ports to prevent trade and imports
Divide the Confederacy at the Mississippi
By separating the South, they would run out of resources and be forced to surrender

17. Southern Strategy Defensive War of Attrition
Attrition – wear down the North by exhaustion of soldiers and resources
This would make them willing to negotiate b/c they would be tired of the war
Pick their battles carefully – attack and then retreat when necessary
Avoid large battles that would risk heavy losses