1. The Civil War
What causes the Civil War?

2. Confederate States of America
Dec. 1860: S. Carolina secedes from the Union followed by MS, FL, AL, GA, LA & TX, Jefferson Davis named President of CSA
CSA writes new constitution, which makes slavery legal
1861: Confederate Army starts taking Federal Forts in South
Mar 1861: Lincoln sends supplies (not troops) to Fort Sumter in SC
Confederate Army attacks, takes Fort
Lincoln wants to use army, VA, AK, NC & TN all secede, WVA is Union

3. North (Union)
South(Confederacy)
Population
20 million
9.5 million
Economy
Manufacturing
King “cotton”
Other Advantages
More ships, weapons, iron
Top Generals, very motivated soldiers
Strategy
Block Southern ports to stop cotton exports, send Navy into Mississippi River, cut Conf. in half
Largely defensive
Video Question #1 Why are Union Soldiers fighting? What motivated the “rebels” to fight?

4. Bull Run First major battle of Civil War
Back and forth but confederate soldiers won under “Stonewall” Jackson
Confederates confident!

5. Battle for the Mississippi in the west
Union General Ulysses S. Grant led forces in the west.
Grant wins at Shiloh but loses more men than Conf. (13K to 10K)
Grant can now take control of Northern Mississippi River
Union General David G. Farragut, takes New Orleans securing entire Mississippi River
Video Question #2: Why is the Confederate Army losing so many soldiers?

6. Battle of Antietam
McLellan’s (Union) army beat Robert E. Lee’s army (Confederate)
Bloodiest single-day battle in American history
McLellan does not chase Confederate army after the battle, Lee escapes
Lincoln fires McLellan
Video Question #3: Are Confederate Generals may be having second thoughts about the war? Explain.

7. The Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)
Lincoln frees slaves in Confederate states
Proves he still has authority over whole US
Doesn’t free slaves in non-Confederate states

8. Life During the War
British stop buying cotton from South, Southern economy hurt
Many soldiers forced into Army (conscription)
African-Americans made up 10% of Union Army, most famous 54th Regiment
Women served as nurses
First income tax passed

9. North Takes Charge: Gettysburg 1863
90,000 Union troops vs. 75,000 Confederate troops
23,000 Union soldiers and 25,000 Confederate soldiers died
Confederate army retreats South
Lincoln gives “Gettysburg Address”

10. Grant & Sherman
After win at Vicksburg, Grant is now leader of Union Army
Appoints William Sherman as commander in the East
Sherman begins burning Southern towns to the ground (War Crime??)

11. End of the War Lincoln reelected in 1864 – North looks likely to win
Lee surrenders at Appomatox, VA (April 3, 1865)
Peace terms were generous for South, but 13th Amendment outlaws slavery in US
Confederate soldiers are permitted to return home