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American History 1 – Civil War Causes

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1 American History 1 – Civil War Causes
Dred Scott – Election of 1860

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3 G. The Dred Scott Bombshell
Decision handed down 2 days after Buchanan took office- March, 1857 Slavery in free territories

4 Taney’s Ruling Slaves not citizens & couldn’t vote
Slavery could exist legally anywhere Congress can’t take the rights of property away without due process of law- 5th amendment

5 H. Financial Crash of 1857 Not as bad as 1837- psychological effect
Hurt mainly northerners & westerners Southerners did fine b/c of high cotton prices Northerners wanted stronger tariffs Westerners wanted 160 acres of free land Gave Republican party campaign issues

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7 I. An Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges
A. Lincoln chosen to run against Douglas in 1858 Senate race Physical difference of Douglas Born low social class, self-educated, rustic Possibly manic-depressive Wife’s psychological state Good trial lawyer 1-term representative ( ) as a Whig Personally against slavery- KS-NB Act reinvigorated his political career

8 J. The Great Debate: Lincoln vs. Douglas
7 open-air debates

9 Freeport Freeport Doctrine
How can people vote slavery down after Dred Scott? If people don’t want slavery, laws won’t be passed to protect it. It will then, therefore, die out. Douglas won election, but not by a landslide People looked at Lincoln as a viable presidential candidate for Republican party

10 K. John Brown: Murderer or Martyr?
John Brown to western VA Tried to take over the armory at Harper’s Ferry, VA- Oct. 1859 Quickly captured by troops under Robert E. Lee Hanged Dec. 1859 Feelings in North & South

11 L. The Disruption of the Democrats
Dem. Convention in Charelston- Douglas Unable to get votes for nomination- Southerners- meeting dissolved Baltimore- mainly northern Dems.- Douglas nominated Southerners had their own meeting in Baltimore-nominated VP John Breckenridge of KY Constitutional Union party Old Whigs & Know-Nothings Compromise John Bell of TN

12 M. A Rail-Splitter Splits the Union
Republicans convention in Chicago Favored candidate- William Seward Lincoln 2nd choice- fewer enemies Platform Free-soilers No extension of slavery Protections for immigrants Internal improvements Free farm homesteads Lincoln against slavery, but not for immediate emancipation- didn’t make any statements to ease southern fears

13 Wide Awakes

14 N. The Electoral Upheaval of 1860
Final vote Lincoln- 180 Douglas- 12 Breckenridge- 72 Bell- 39 Could Dems have won if undivided? Numbers say no Would have entered united Dems. still controlled the Congress & majority in SC

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18 O. The Secessionist Exodus
SC seceded 4 days after Lincoln’s election- Dec. 1860 Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas (6 wks) Met at Montgomery AL- CSA Feb. 1861 Jefferson Davis of MS Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia to follow James Buchanan did nothing- personal weakness & Const. Army scattered North not yet willing to fight

19 P. The Collapse of Compromise
December 1860 – Committee of 33 John J. Crittenden’s Compromise All territories north of closed to slavery South of open to slavery regardless of pop. Sov. Lincoln rejected Crittenden Compromise Against his principles Must bear responsibility

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