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“Every man must be for the United States or against it
“Every man must be for the United States or against it. There can be no neutrals in this war – only patriots and traitors.” - Stephen A. Douglas
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The Union Dissolves March 4, 1861 – Lincoln takes oath of office...7 states gone May 20, 1861 – 4 more states seceded…maybe more So far, no war and no blood was shed…yet
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Fort Sumter Charleston, S.C.
Within easy range of cannon from the shore C.O. - Maj. Robert Anderson Lincoln refused to send reinforcements, only supplies
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Fort Sumter cont. April 12, 1861 – Confederate Commander General P.G.T. Beauregard orders assault After 34 hours of bombardment Maj. Anderson surrenders Zero deaths occurred during the shelling
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The North’s Reaction Before Sumter, many northerner’s said “peace out”
William Lloyd Garrison was pleased…didn’t want slave states in Union Copperheads Wanted to concentrate on turning the U.S. into a worldwide industry
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After Fort Sumter… The North was outraged!
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More States Secede April 15 – Lincoln asks for Army volunteers
April 17 – Virginia secedes…volunteers are an act of war Followed by Arkansas, Tennessee, & North Carolina West Virginia splits and becomes part of the Union June 20, 1863
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The Border States Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, & Deleware
All Slaves states All remained loyal to the Union North had 4 million men of fighting age South had 1.5 million They chose not to arm their 3.5 million slaves
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Strategy North: South: Had more people, soldiers, railroads
Produced 4/5 of industrial goods South: Only had to defend home turf Better military leadership More used to handling guns & horses Southern leaders thought G.B. would help
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1st Battle of Bull Run Virginia – July 1861
30,000 inexperienced Union soldiers This battle was a show! Union was winning until noon, when Thomas J. Jackson arrived w/ reinforcements The Union troops retreated to D.C. for safety
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