1. ISSUES THAT LED TO THE CIVIL WAR
A NATION DIVIDED

2. SLAVERY
1ST ISSUE
Crash Course Video

3. CONFLICTING VIEWPOINTS ON SLAVERY:
Sectionalism: Loyalty to one’s own region, instead of the country as a whole.
North:
South:
Northern abolitionists (people against slavery) fought to end the practice of slavery
Frederick Douglass and other prominent abolitionists spread literature which demanded to stop the spread of slavery and gained much support in the North
Slavery was important to South’s agriculture-based economy
With the invention of the cotton gin, slavery was vital to produce cotton
Southern plantation owners defended slavery as a necessary good and claimed it was their constitutional rights to own slaves

4. ISSUES OVER THE SPREAD OF SLAVERY:
The gap between the North and South widened every time the U.S. gained more territory.
The South, as with the other slave states, hoped for slavery to expand into the new territories while many in the North wanted it, at the very least, to be contained to where it already existed.

5. NULLIFICATION
2ND ISSUE

6. NULLIFICATION CRISIS OF 1832 NULLIFICATION VIDEO
It was a dispute over tariffs (taxes on imports & exports)
The North supported high tariffs to support their manufacturing industry against the cheaper products that could be sent to the United States by Great Britain.
The South was opposed to this tariff because it took away profits since Great Britain would place tariffs on cotton as a response to the Northern tariffs.
Congress voted to renew the tariff, South Carolina threaten to nullify (cancel out) the tariff and even possibly to secede (withdraw from the Union). However, Andrew Jackson’s threat to attack South Carolina if they attempted to leave the union worked well enough to keep the state in the fold.

7. STATES’ RIGHTS
3RD ISSUE

8. STATES’ RIGHTS
Southern states felt their rights were being taken away by the federal government
Issues over whether individual states had the right to slavery and whether the federal government could ban slavery in individual states

9. Option 1: Rank in order of importance the causes of the Civil War
Option 1: Rank in order of importance the causes of the Civil War. Make sure you justify your rankings for each cause. Be able to defend why you placed one cause over the other as it relates to the contribution of the Civil War.
Option 2: Suppose you were an abolitionist at the start of the Civil War. Try to convince a Southern plantation owner to stop the practice of slavery by providing them with other alternatives they could use as a source of labor.
Option 3: Define the term sectionalism. Compare and contrast the North and the South leading up to the Civil War. Create a Venn Diagram comparing their similarities and differences.
Option 4: You are hired by a the Federal Government to design a logo to show unity amongst the different states in our country. The purpose is to try and avoid war. Design a logo that shows the North and South coming together united as one.

10. SHOULD SLAVERY SPREAD TO NEW TERRITORY?
LAND PURCHASES

12. MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)
Southern states wanted Missouri to be a slave state, while northerners feared there would be more slave states than free states
Agreed to allow Missouri to become a slave state, but Maine would also be added as a free state
Congress forbade slavery north of the 36˚ 30’ parallel (the southern border of Missouri). This compromise settled the debate for almost 30 years with states being admitted into the Union in free and slave parings.

13. Missouri Compromise Video

14. COMPROMISE OF 1850
California wanted to enter the union as a free state, but there were not any slave states ready to join at the same time.
Northern and Southern states agreed to admit California as a free state
In return, the Fugitive Slave Act was passed which guaranteed the return of any runaway slave to their owners if they were caught in the North. There was much protest in the North to this act but the southern leaders believed it would protect the institution of slavery.

15. THE GEORGIA PLATFORM
Prominent Georgia politicians were deciding if the state should accept the terms of the Compromise.
Led by Alexander Stephens, and the promise of the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, Georgia approved the Compromise of With Georgia leading the way, other southern states also accepted the Compromise preventing a civil war for 11 years.

17. Issues of Slavery Video
KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT (1854)
This act repealed the Missouri Compromise, which possibly could allow slavery above the 36˚ 30’ parallel.
Senator Stephen Douglas believed that states could decide for themselves if they would be slave or free.
The territory of Kansas, which was being considered for statehood, was flooded by both pro and antislavery supporters who came to the state to vote for or against slavery.
Violence erupted between the two sides
John Brown and his sons killed five proslavery farmers in retaliation for atrocities committed by proslavery forces. With all of the bloodshed, Kansas became known as “Bleeding Kansas.”
In the end, Kansas was admitted as a free state in 1861.
Issues of Slavery Video

18. Option 1: Rank the three compromises based on what you believe is the fairest agreement for both the North and the South. Be sure to justify why you ranked each compromise where you did.
Option 2: Suppose you were a member of the Georgia legislature who supported the Georgia Platform. Write an argument to defend why the South should remain loyal to the Union (avoid secession).
Option 3: Identify some possible causes and effects that the Kansas-Nebraska Act may have on the nation moving forward. What do you think will be some unintended consequences of this compromise?
Option 4: You are the lead Congressmen in solving the issue of whether or not slavery should be allowed to spread to new territories. Try to develop a new compromise that might make both the North and South happy, thus avoiding war.

19. COURT CASE DECIDING THE RIGHTS OF A SLAVE
DRED SCOTT CASE
COURT CASE DECIDING THE RIGHTS OF A SLAVE

20. DRED SCOTT CASE (1857) VIDEO
Dred Scott was a slave who was taken by his master to a free state
Upon his return to Missouri, Scott sued the state based on the belief that his time in the free states made him a free man. When the case made it to the Supreme Court, the court ruled on the side of Missouri.
The Court went on to declare that slaves and freed blacks were not citizens of the United States and did not have the right to sue in the first place.

21. THE FINAL EVENT THAT LED TO WAR
ELECTION OF 1860
THE FINAL EVENT THAT LED TO WAR

22. ELECTION OF 1860
Abraham Lincoln was the nominee of the Republican party, a party that began in 1854 and whose primary goal was to prevent the expansion of slavery.
Though Lincoln’s name was not on the ballot in most southern states, he won the election of 1860 with 180 electoral votes.
After the election, the southern states led by South Carolina, believing that Lincoln’s ultimate goal was to end slavery, voted one by one to secede from the Union.
Georgia, after a three day debate voted to leave the Union on January 19, 1861.

23. WHY GEORGIA AGREED TO LEAVE THE UNION
SECESSION IN GEORGIA
WHY GEORGIA AGREED TO LEAVE THE UNION

24. SECESSION IN GEORGIA
Georgia’s General Assembly debated on whether to secede or not, several wanted to remain apart of the Union while others did not.
Those who did not want to leave the Union included the northern counties, small farmers and non-slave holders, and most importantly Alexander Stephens, who gave a speech against secession.
Those in favor of secession were large farmers and slave holders, Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown, and powerful and influential men such as Robert Toombs, who had a social and economic stake in the continuation of the institution of slavery.
The General Assembly voted 208 to 89 in favor of seceding from the union.

25. Option 1: In your own words, write a paragraph describing how the Election of 1860 led to Southern states seceding from the Union.
Option 2: What if Lincoln would have lost the Election of 1860? Rewrite history as if Lincoln lost the election. Be sure to describe the details of what happened in 1860 and the few years that followed.
Option 3: Support or refute this statement with a detailed response:
The Civil War would have never occurred if Lincoln lost the Election of 1860.
Option 4: You are a member of Lincoln’s campaign party during the Election of Lincoln just won the election. Your job is to write an acceptance speech that Lincoln can deliver to the nation that shows he is a man of the people.