1. Mr. Sapone
Heat vs Temperature and Heat Transfer

2. Heat vs Temperature
Question: A sparkler can get up to 3000°F, why doesn’t it burn you?
Temperature is the average energy of the molecules in a substance.
Faster = hotter and colder = slower.
Heat is the transfer of that energy between objects.
Heat flows naturally from hot objects to cold objects until they reach thermal equilibrium.
2ND Law of Thermodynamics
The small spark of the sparkler is immensely hot but it doesn’t transfer much heat you.
Same idea of cooking pasta: you get splashed by a little bit of water it may sting a little.
But what if someone were to mistake your head for a strainer accidentally pour a whole pot of water on you.
You had a hot cup of coffee (95°C) sitting in a room at 20°C what would happen over time?
Food coloring simple demo

3. So when mom tells you to close the door, you are letting the cold in, set her straight:
“Listen up woman, according to the “

4. Heat Transfer Convection Radiation
Convection: heat transferred through a moving fluid (e.g. air or water). Hotter fluids expand, rise up and colder fluids sink. Ex. Boiling water, hot air rising, hot air balloons.
Conduction: heat transfer through touching via molecular collisions. Ex. Touching a hot stove stepping on hot sand.
Radiation: transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves without the need of conduction or convection. Space is empty and this is how the sun’s heat travels 93 million miles through a vacuum to reach us.
Heat Transfer
Convection
Radiation

5. Conductor vs Insulator
Conductors transfer heat well
Insulators transfer heat poorly.
Metals
Copper
Gold
Silver
Etc.
Glass
Plastic
Rubber
Wood
Foam
Air
Why does putting your hand inside an oven with 500°F air not burn you whereas touching the 500°F metal will burn you?