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Romantics and Romanticism

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1 Romantics and Romanticism
Eugene Delacroix, Liberty leading the People, 1830, oil on canvas, 260 x 325 cm (Musée du Louvre, Paris) Reach Cambridge Explorer Program, 2017 Genny Zimantas

2 What do we mean when we say ‘Romantic’?

3 Contexts Reaction against Neoclassicism
Reaction against 18th cent. Enlightenment Inspired or invigorated by the French Revolution Interested in the plight of ordinary men and women, children

4 Key Elements of Romanticism
Nature Individual (Genius) Subjectivity Imagination Supernaturalism Melancholy Medievalism Hellenism ‘Wanderer in the Storm’, Julius von Leypold (German, Dresden 1806–1874)

5 English Romantics Six main poets make up the main ‘canon’ of the Romantic period in England: William Blake William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge John Keats Percy Bysshe Shelley Lord (Geogre Gordon) Byron

6 But there were female Romantics as well…
Anna Laetitia Barbauld Charlotte Turner Smith Mary Robinson Joanna Bailey Dorothy Wordsworth Mary Shelley … and others! Anna Laetitia Barbauld Charlotte Turner Smith Mary Robinson Joanna Bailey Dorothy Wordsworth Mary Shelley … and others!

7 Lyrical Ballads (1798) Collection of poems by Wordswoth and Coleridge
Generally accepted as the official beginning of the English Romantic period

8 Ballads https://www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/ballad
Narrative form of Poetry Often a hero Usually rhyming quatrains (abcb) Alternating four-stress and three-stress lines Coming from an oral tradition (therefore more populace)

9 Lyrics Express feelings and emotions
Originated in Ancient Greece (musical accompaniement – ‘lyre’) Often in the first person (‘I’, ‘me’) Often unrhymed Flexible rhythm

10 What made this poetry new?

11 The Romantic Sublime Philosophical concept developed by Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant The dynamic and the mathematical sublime That which is bigger than the self, inspiring awe and teror

12 The Romantic Sublime A question of perspective?

13 "The passion caused by the great and sublime in nature
"The passion caused by the great and sublime in nature is Astonishment; and astonishment is that state of the soul, in which all its motions are suspended, with some degree of horror. In this case the mind is so entirely filled with its object, that it cannot entertain any other." [Edmund Burke, On the Sublime , 1756 ed. J. T. Bolton. 58]

14 Keats and ‘Negative Capability’
‘several things dovetailed in my mind, & at once it struck me, what quality went to form a Man of Achievement especially in Literature & which Shakespeare possessed so enormously – I mean Negative Capability, that is when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, Mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact & reason’ (Keats in an 1817 letter to his brothers)

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