1. ClairCity Public Meeting
in association with
City of Sosnowiec
Integrated Air Pollution Management in Delhi City
Dr. Mukesh Khare, Member, EAB, ClairCity
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India
4/25/18
ClairCity

2. Delhi-NCR Area of Delhi NCT : 1,500 sq km
Area of Delhi NCR : 58,332  sq km

3. PM2.5: Cause of Concern Exceeding NAAQS: Delhi Health risk
Annual average: ± 81.7 μg/m3
24-hour average
Summer: 58.2 ± 35.0 µg/m3
Winter: ± 99.9 µg/m3
Health risk
Group 1 carcinogen
96% of particles retained by lung cells are PM2.5
More than 5 million deaths caused by indoor and outdoor air pollution in South Asian countries
Responsible for various cardio-pulmonary and lung cancer
Environmental risk
Visibility degradation: haze formations, light scattering
Acid deposition: acid rain
Chemical properties affect various processes
precipitation, cloud formation, solar radiation, rain and fog

4. NAAQS Indian Standards WHO Guidelines 24-hour average Annual average
PM10
100 60 50 20
PM2.5 40 25 10
All figures are in µg/m3

5. Source Contributions

6. Additional PM Sources Domestic (Kitchen) DG sets
Agriculture residue burning in surround rural area
Re-suspension of road dust
Transport of dust from surrounding area outside city
Brick Kilns
Land dumps

7. Locations of Brick Kilns

8. Challenges Uncontrolled sources Unaccounted sources
Geographic location
Meteorology

9. Urban Air Quality Management
Evaluate Effectiveness of
Implement Air Quality
Implemented Controls
Improvement Plans
Monitoring and Sampling
Management and
Control
Cost
Benefit
Analysis
Chemical Characterization
Feedback
Air Quality Modeling
Source Apportionment
Emissions
Identification, quantification of
sources
Health Study and
Inventory
Impact Analysis

10. Some Unanswered Questions
What is the current share of different sources in air pollution in Delhi city?
What is the contribution of surrounding towns in NCR?
Which are the interventions that can bring down the levels effectively?

11. Case Study An Integrated Study of Air Pollutant Sources in the Delhi- National Capital Region (ASAP) (Sep Sep 2020)
Partners
IIT Delhi
National Physical Laboratory
University of Birmingham
University of Surrey
Funded by
MoES-NERC-DBT
(Total cost: GBP 300,000)

12. Urban baseline: IIT Delhi(1)
Delhi city
IITD Site
Urban baseline:
IIT Delhi
Green Area
Residential Area
Institutional Area
Commercial area
Vehicular emission
Urban baseline: IIT Delhi(1)
NPL Site

13. Regional Background Monitoring Station: MM University Campus (3)
200 km
Delhi
MMU
Agriculture area
Mullana Village
Features
Nearest village = ~3 km in North
Total population = 4956 (As per Census 2011)
Total Area of village = 650 hectares
Nearest city = Ambala cant (~30 km, towards W)

14. NCR Sites Sonepat Bahadurgarh Noida Faridabad Manesar
Sampling frequency: 1 week/site/season
Sampling form: Integrated
Day-Night samples
Sampling analysis: Organic and inorganic
Sonepat
Delhi city
IIT Delhi site
Agriculture
Industrial
Residential
NCR4
Brick kilns
NCR5
NCR6
Residential &
Commercial
NCR7
NCR8
Bahadurgarh
Noida
Faridabad
3/15/18
Manesar

15. Monitor/Sampler types
Simple filter-based system and real-time monitors
Portable real-time Aerosol Spectrometer
Make: GRIMM Instruments (
Cost: INR 23,00,000
PM2.5 Sampler
Make: Envirotech Instruments Pvt Ltd (
Cost: INR 1,50,000

16. Priority PM Abatement Options
Preventive Measures
Formulation and implementation of Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)
Demand and Structural Measures
Phase out inefficient industrial and TPPs
Phase out small scale coal and biomass combustion
Move heavy industries and TPPs away from city centres
Greater use of public transportation
Cess on diesel
Cleaner technology and fuel
Increased use of natural gas
Improve engine technology for motor vehicles
Increased use of low Sulphur and low PM coal
Use of EVs and hybrid vehicles

17. Priority PM Abatement Options
Economic measures
Abolish state support for inefficient industries
Provision of fiscal incentives for efficient TPPs
Abolish subsidy on coal
Provision of subsidies on hybrid and EVs
Supporting public transportation development in large cities
Command and Control
Close inefficient industries
Ban of soil digging in Construction during worst meteorology
Odd-Even scheme for vehicles implementation
Parking regulations and fee enhancement
Zoning restrictions for private cars
Upgradation of emission standards
Ban on pet cokes
Ban on open burning
Congestion Charges on 21 selected most trafficked road corridors

18. Priority PM Abatement Options
End-of-pipe options
Provision of end-of-pipe control technologies in industries and vehicles
Provision of increasing green cover to reduce dust
Alternative biomass utilization technologies to replace open burning
Construction site management for dust control
Measure to reduce dust from roads
Awareness
Raise public awareness of environmental benefits of public transport
Strengthen the environmental labelling
Support research and demonstration of technologies
Car pooling
The Drivers
EPCA (Environmental Protection Control Authority)
High Level Task Force (HLTF) chaired by PM Office
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
State Pollution Control Boards
Central Pollution Control Board