2. Peloponnesian Wars 432 B.C. to 404 B.C.
A rivalry grew between Sparta and Athens.
During the Peloponnesian Wars, Sparta declared war on Athens.
After 30 years of fighting, Sparta won.
The wars greatly weakened both city-states.
The economic cost was high and poverty became widespread.

4. Alexander the Great
Inherited throne of Macedonia
Military tactics and leadership
Conquered the Persian Empire to the Indus River Valley
spread Greek thought and practice across Africa, Europe, and Southwest Asia 3A

5. Alexander the Great
In 338 B.C., the King Philip II of Macedonia united all Greek city-states under his control.
Alexander the Great, his son, went on to conquer lands from Greece, to Egypt, to Persia, and as far east as India.
Wherever Alexander went he spread Greek culture and absorbed the cultures of those he conquered.

6. Alexander the Great

7. Hellenistic Age
Hellenistic Age= blend of Greek culture with cultures from the Middle East and India
Spread through conquest
Library in Alexandria, Egypt = encouraged learning
Hellenistic art, math, science, trade 3A

9. Hellenistic Culture
Alexander the Great blended the different cultures and created a new culture known as Hellenistic.
Hellenistic Culture was a blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures.

10. Hellenistic Culture Achievements
Hellenistic culture led to great achievements in mathematics and science.
Alexander built magnificent cities, many named after him, throughout his empire.
A great library was built to encourage education.

11. Greek Influences on USA
The USA’s government is modeled after the Greek idea of democracy – rule by the people.
Our Constitution begins with “We the people…”
The Greeks also introduced us to the alphabet.
The great philosophers of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle influenced our thinking.
Greek art, literature, mathematics, and science.