1. Reading Chapter 14, Section One, along with handouts, answering …
(1) Why is totalitarianism more extreme than a single dictatorship?
(2) What was Joseph Stalin’s “Great Terror”?
(3) A “cult of personality” was encouraged about Stalin (also Mussolini and Hitler), describe this …
(4) Describe fascism.
(5) What do the photographs on pages 570 & 571 tell us about the totalitarian dictators?
(6) How was democracy undermined in Germany and Japan?
(7) Describe the reasons for appeasement of Germany (by France, Great Britain, and the United States).

2. Strong Institutions Needed to Protect Democracy …
Freedom of the press & speech
Separation of powers amongst branches of government & civilian control of military
Independent legal and police institutions
Respect for political opposition & minority views
Free, fair, and transparent elections

3. Characteristics of Totalitarianism?
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4. ** Another popular book on New Times and Amazon best sellers list.

5. Totalitarianism Government leaders can act indiscriminately
Individuals have limited civil rights and opposition is suppressed.
The government is more important than the individual.

6. Political Ideologies Communism Fascism Big Government Liberal
NSDAP
KPD
Catholic Center Party
- Morality issues
German National Peoples’ Party
Liberal
Conservative
SPD – Social Democratic Party
- Voting reforms
- Worker’s rights
Libertarian
- Avoid warfare
Tea Party Movement / Libertarian
- Low taxes
Small Government
Anarchist

7. Developing a “cult of personality?”
Reflections from photographs from textbook on pages 570 & 571.

8. Fascism in Italy
Describe fascism.

9. Fascism “All within the state, nothing outside the state,
nothing against the state.”
Benito Mussolini
This is a political system / philosophy that stresses:
Nation more important than individual (Strong govt.)
National security at the expense of individual freedom
Supports capitalism and private property
A dictator is needed.
Often allies w/ religious factions

10. Italy & Benito Mussolini
Founder of fascism
Dreamed of an empire & reliving past glories
March on Rome
22 – 29 Oct. of 1922

12. Communism
“From each according to his ability, to each according to his need”
Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto
Political system advocating one-party rule, anti-democratic
Anti-nationalistic, “Workers of the World, Unite”
Strict control over civil rights & anti-religious
Religion is the “Opiate of the masses,” according to Karl Marx
Extreme socialism, utilizing “collectives” or “communes” there is no private property.
Technically, a “command economy”

13. How was democracy undermined in Germany and Japan?

14. Socialism
An economic system characterized by some government ownership of land, goods, or resources.
Remove sectors of the economy away from the capitalist system
Socialism can exist alongside capitalism and democracy
Not necessarily anti-religious

15. (1) What does the cartoon below discuss?
Heading …
“Remember … One More Lollypop, and Then You All Go Home?”

16. Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
** What do each of these quotes mean?
Quote One: “The stronger must dominate the weaker and not blend with the weaker, thus sacrificing his own greatness. … All great cultures of the past perished only because the originally creative race died out from blood poisoning.”

17. Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
** What do each of these quotes mean?
Quote Two: “With every means [the Jew] tries to subjugate. … Culturally, he contaminates art, literature, the theater, makes a mockery of natural feeling,
overthrows all concepts of beauty and sublimity, of the noble and the good, and instead drags men down …”

18. Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
** What is Hitler referring to in this quote below?
Quote Three: “The defeats of the battlefield in August 1918 would have been child’s play to bear. They stood in no proportions to the victories of our people. It was not [the defeats] which caused our downfall; no, it was brought
about by that Power [Jews and Marxists] which prepared these defeats by systematically over many decades robbing our people of the political and moral instincts and forces…”

19. Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
Hitler’s Ideology
In Mein Kampf (1923), major points …
[1] – Uniting all German-speaking people
[2] – Racial purification and a master “Aryan” race
[3] – Germany needs “lebensraum” or living space for national expansion

20. Aryan supremacy was one goal
Aryan supremacy was one goal. Lebensraum “living room” or “living space” the other.

21. Causes that Supported Failure of “Weimar Republic (1918-1933)” and Rise of Hitler
Economic Instability and hyperinflation

22. Economic Instability
The Weimar Republic has a difficult time paying the war loan, so it prints more money, too much money.
The German “Mark” and the Dollar, 1914 – 1923
Date Exchange rate, $1 = ___ Marks
July, marks
January,
January,
July,
January,
January, ,972.0
August, ,620,455.0
September, ,860,000.0
November, ,200,000,000,000.0 marks

23. How does Hitler become Dictator of Germany?
* January of 1933, Hitler is named Chancellor
* Feb. 27, 1933, burning of the Reichstag, legislative building
* Enabling Act of 1933, Hitler becomes dictator

24. Germany Responds Economically to the Depression…
1933 – Germany begins the “Autobahn”
1933 – Germany pulls out of League of Nations

25. What a greedy Jew looks like… [from “The Poison Mushroom” required reading in elementary schools under Nazi authority]
1930’s Children’s Book
"The Jew is our greatest enemy!
Beware of the Jew!"

26. The Beginning of German Aggression
** What was Hitler’s purpose in occupying the Rhineland?
1935 – Hitler continues build-up of army
1936 – Militarization of the Rhineland

27. Why Did European Leaders Not Take a More Aggressive Stand Against Hitler?
- First, avoid a repeat of WWI
- Second, some of Hitler’s demands were reasonable
- Third, assumption Nazis wanted peace
- Fourth, many leaders feared Communist U.S.S.R. more

28. Germany Enters Austria

29. The Anschluss Austria: Austrian prime minister agrees to referendum.
March 12, 1938, Germany troops enter Austria before referendum vote.
Then, in April, a referendum occurs.

30. Sudetenland Crisis
- By 1938, there are 3 million Germans living in this region in Czechoslovakia.
- Hitler claims mistreatment by Czechs.

31. Munich Conference & Agreement
Appeasement – signed September 30, 1938, Hitler gets Sudetenland and France & Great Britain get desired peace.
- Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister
“Peace in our time”

32. Germany Enters Sudetenland

33. The Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia
Sept. 30, 1938, agreement leads to the immediate occupation
March 15, 1939,
German troops take the
rest of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia:

34. Alliances Leading to WWII
Anti-Comintern Pact
Rome-Berlin Axis
Response to Spanish Civil War (1936-’39)
Tripartite Pact
Axis Powers

35. Reading Chapter 14, Section Seven, answering …
(1) Describe Nuremberg Laws …
(2) Summarize anti-Semitic campaign …
(3) Describe Kristallnacht …
(4) Why were Jewish refugees not welcomed into other countries?
(5) Describe the St. Louis ocean liner affair …
(6) Purpose initially of concentration camps ...
(7) What is discussed at the 1942 Wannsee Conference?
(8) When did the Allied nations learn of Nazi atrocities and what was the response?