1. 10th World Studies 4.30.18 Today’s Agenda: Nazi Foreign Policy
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NOTES & NOTE-TAKING DEVICE
Today’s Learning Objectives:
I can understand how different leaders and events changed the power structure in Europe and helped lead to WWII.
Today’s Agenda:
Nazi Foreign Policy
The Road to WWII
Anschluss
The Munich Pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Invasion(s)
HW:
CRA 29.1
Review your notes (HINT…)

2. Hossbach Memorandum: Nov. 1937
Hitler set out his Foreign Policy plans and it was sent to key Nazi officials.
Included a timetable.
Germany needed living space (Lebensraum: “Living Room”)
It was not self-sufficient economically - it would have to expand territorially
Two stages to expansion
The occupation of Austria and Czechoslovakia.
a major conflict with the major powers no later than 1943 Q2

3. Hossbach Memorandum: Nov. 1937
Could gain the first objective without general war because Britain, Hitler believed, had already written off Austria and Czechoslovakia and without Britain, France was unlikely to fight.
He needed an opportunity to strike. Q2

4. Anschluss (“Connection”) with Austria
March—1938

5. Background
Austria forbidden to unite with Germany under the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler (Austrian) was determined to unite the two countries.
Abortive attempt at Anschluss after Mussolini massed Italian troops on the Austrian border, due to agreement…
Austrian-German agreement where Germany agreed not to intervene in Austria and allowed Austrian Nazis to enter the government. This development undermined Austrian independence as the Austrian Nazis were under German control.
Germany and Italy had grown closer - Rome - Berlin Axis.
They had co-operated over intervention in the Spanish Civil War. Q1

6. Anschluss: “Connection”
One of Hitler's major goals had always been to unite all German-speaking people into one great nation.
Austria, the land of his birth, contained the largest number of German-speaking people outside of Germany.
Therefore, they became a top priority in his plans for German expansion.
Anschluss: “Connection”
Q 3

7. Why didn’t the rest of Europe stop Hitler?!?
France was in the middle of a crisis as the Government had collapsed on 10 March. - two days before Hitler marched into Austria
Anthony Eden, the British Foreign Secretary, had just resigned
Public opinion in Britain and France was that Hitler could not be prevented from swallowing up Austria in the near future.
Italy was engaged in the Spanish civil war, had indicated that it would not intervene or object to the Anschluss
Q 4

8. 1938—A conspiracy Theory/Theme??? Does this sound familiar?
Under orders from Hitler, the Austrian Nazi Party began riots, burned buildings, staged street fights and, in general, caused various problems for the Austrian government.
In response, the Austrian government passed a law banning the Nazi party.
Hitler used this as an excuse to meet with the Austrian leader, Kurt Schuschnigg.
Q 5 / 6

9. During the meeting, Hitler threatened to invade Austria unless all important government positions were given to members of the Nazi party. Hitler could then take over the country from within, control it from Berlin, but not threaten the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. He demanded that an Austrian Nazi (Seyss-Inquart) be appointed as Minister of the Interior
Q 6/7

10. Austrian Nazis caused disturbances all over the country.
Schuschnigg reluctantly agreed to this, but said that the people would have to vote on joining Germany. Hitler agreed, but he did not trust the Austrians. Therefore, he moved his army to the border before the vote to intimidate them.
Austrian Nazis caused disturbances all over the country.
Q 6/7

11. Anschluss (“Connection”) with Austria
April—1938
("Referendum and Großdeutscher Reichstag; Ballot; Do you agree with the reunification of Austria with the German Reich that was enacted on 13 March 1938 and do you vote for the party of our leader; Adolf Hitler?; Yes; No"

12. The Austrian government then appealed to England, France and Italy to help them from being taken over by Germany. All rejected the pleas by the Austrians. With no support from other European countries, Schuschnigg resigned, and appointed the Austrian Nazi party leader, Seyss-Inquart as his replacement.
Q 9

13. How did Austrians feel about it???
Q 9

14. Results: German troops occupied Austria.
Austria had became the first country to fall victim to Hitler's aggression
Persecution of the Austrian Jews began.
Results:
Q10

15. "Those of the same blood belong in the same Reich!" (April 1938)

17. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, Oct. 1938
How does Europe and the League of Nations respond to the Nations of aggression?
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, Oct. 1938
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
(If we give Hitler a “cookie,” Czechoslovakia, he will calm down and stop invading nations!)
HITLER
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

18. Soviet Reaction to Munich Pact

20. The Munich Pact (Agreement) that created a more complete Anschluss…
Germany wanted the Sudetenland (South Land) to once again be German
Czechoslovakia created following WWI
Mostly German speakers in this area
Hitler asks Konrad Henlein (leader of Sudeten Nazis) to create a rebellion and demand rejoining Germany
Czechoslovakia was allied with France (and the Soviet Union)
France was allied with Great Britain
Neither France nor Great Britain were prepared to go to war—willing to do almost anything to avoid a large scale war.
France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany meet one last time in September of 1938 to avoid war.
Mussolini brings forth proposal and all agree—Czechoslovakia not consulted…last demand
Czechoslovakia free to defend against Germany, BUT without the help of France and Great Britain.
USSR backs out as well due to France’s decision.

21. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939…Germany invades the Czech and Slovakian areas too…

22. How will countries respond?
Violation of the Munich Pact
How will countries respond?