1. Conduct Sustainment Warfighting Function Brief
Unified Land Operations
SHOW SLIDE 1: CONDUCT SUSTAINMENT WARFIGHTING FUNCTIONS
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA:
Academic Hours/Methods
0 hr/5 min Introduction
3 hrs / 15 min Conference / Discussion
0 hr/5 min Summary
3.5 hrs Total Hours
INTRODUCTION:
Method of Instructions: Conference / Discussion
Instructor to Student Ratio: 1:36
Time of Instruction: 5 mins
Media: Large Group Instruction
Throughout this lesson, solicit from students the challenges they experienced in the operational environment (OE) and what they did to resolve them. Encourage students to apply at least one of the critical variables: Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure, Physical Environment and Time (PMESII-PT).
INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDANCE. NOTE:
Motivator: Commanders apply combat power through the warfighting functions using leadership and information. Therefore, it is very important that you understand what combat power is and how it relates to warfighting functions.
July 2016

2. Terminal Learning Objective
LESSON OUTCOME:
This lesson provides a doctrinal overview of sustainment warfighting functions. At the conclusion of this block of instruction, students will understand the relationship sustainment warfighting functions have with combat power.
21ST CENTURY SOLDIER COMPETENCIES:
Teamwork and Collaboration
Communication and Engagement
Tactical and Technical Competence
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Action: Conduct Sustainment Warfighting Function Brief
Conditions: At a STAFFEX, ADRP 3-0, and awareness of Operational Environment (OE), variables and actors.
Standard: Students will achieve the standard when they can with 70% accuracy:
1. Define the Army Warfighting Functions.
2. Define the Sustainment Warfighting Function.
SHOW SLIDE 2: TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE, 21ST CENTURY COMPETENCIES, TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
NOTE: Inform the students of the Terminal Learning Objective (TLO) requirements.
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. In a training environment, leaders must perform a risk assessment in accordance with DA PAM , Risk Management. Leaders will complete a DD Form 2977 DD Form 2977 DELIBERATE RISK ASSESMENT WORKSHEET during the planning and completion of each task and sub-task by assessing mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available and civil considerations, (METT-TC). Local policies and procedures must be followed during times of increased heat category in order to avoid heat related injury. Consider the work/rest cycles and water replacement guidelines IAW TRADOC Regulation
RISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL. Low.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT. Environmental protection is not just the law but the right thing to do. It is a continual process and starts with deliberate planning. Always be alert to ways to protect our environment during training and missions. In doing so, you will contribute to the sustainment of our training resources while protecting people and the environment from harmful effects. Refer to FM Environmental Considerations and GTA ENVIRONMENTAL- RELATED RISK ASSESSMENT. Environmental protection is not just the law but the right thing to do. It is a continual process and starts with deliberate planning. Always be alert to ways to protect our environment during training and missions. In doing so, you will contribute to the sustainment of our training resources while protecting people and the environment from harmful effects. Refer to FM Environmental Considerations and GTA ENVIRONMENTAL-RELATED RISK. 
EVALUATION: You will be evaluated during the STAFFEX to apply the principles of Warfighting Functions.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEAD-IN. Understanding warfighting functions will enable leaders to plan for success on the battle field. This lesson provides an overview of doctrinal responsibilities, philosophies, and objectives for applying warfighting functions in the operational environment.
These Soldiers display a progression of competencies and attributes in the following general learning outcomes:
(1) Professional Competence
(2) Team Building
(3) Lifelong Learning
21st Century Soldier Competencies are outlined in Appendix C of TRADOC Pamphlet (The U.S. Army Learning Concept for 2015) are general areas of competence or attributes required by Students and leaders to prevail in complex, uncertain environments. Together, they provide a foundation for operational adaptability.

3. Army Warfighting Functions
A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes) united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions.
The Army’s warfighting functions are fundamentally linked to the joint functions.
The warfighting functions are:
Mission command
Movement and maneuver
Intelligence
Fires
Sustainment
Protection
SHOW SLIDE 3: WARFIGHTING FUNCTIONS
Learning Step / Activity 1. Conduct Sustainment Warfighting Functions (WFF) Brief
Method of Instruction: Conference / Discussion
Instructor to Student Ratio: 1:36
Time of Instruction: 3 hrs, 40 mins
Media: Large Group Instruction
A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes) united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions.
The Army’s warfighting functions are fundamentally linked to the joint functions.
The warfighting functions are:
Mission command
Movement and maneuver
Intelligence
Fires
Sustainment
Protection
ADRP 3-0, Unified Land Operations, May 12, paras 3-6 to 3-26
ADP 3-0, Unified Land Operations, Oct 11, paras

4. Army Warfighting Functions - Defined
Mission command: Develops and integrates those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control. Under this philosophy, commanders drive the operations process through their activities of understand, visualize, describe, direct, lead, and assess.
Movement and maneuver: The related tasks and systems that move forces to achieve a position of advantage in relation to the enemy. Direct fire is inherent in maneuver, as is close combat.
Intelligence: The related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding of the operational environment, enemy, terrain, and civil considerations.
Fires: The related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army indirect fires and joint fires through the targeting process.
SHOW SLIDE 4: WARFIGHTING FUNCTIONS
ADRP 3-0, Chap, Para Commanders use the warfighting functions to help them exercise command and to help them and their staffs exercise control. A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems (people,
organizations, information, and processes) united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. All warfighting functions possess scalable capabilities to mass lethal and nonlethal effects. The Army’s warfighting functions link directly to the joint functions.
3-8. Mission command encourages the greatest possible freedom of action from subordinates. While the commander remains the central figure in mission command, it enables subordinates to develop the situation. Through disciplined initiative in dynamic conditions within the commander’s intent, subordinates adapt and act decisively. Mission command creates a shared understanding of an operational environment and the commander’s intent to establish the appropriate degree of control. Collaborative engagement among commanders, staffs, and unified action partners helps clarify the meaning of events or situations embedded in their unique and continually evolving operational environment. They share information,
knowledge, perceptions, and concepts regardless of physical location.
MOVEMENT AND MANEUVER
The Movement and Maneuver warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other threats.
Direct fire and close combat are inherent in maneuver. The movement and maneuver warfighting function includes tasks associated with force projection related to gaining a position of advantage over the enemy.
Movement is necessary to disperse and displace the force as a whole or in part when maneuvering. Maneuver is the employment of forces in the operational area. It works through movement and with fires to
achieve a position of advantage relative to the enemy to accomplish the mission. Commanders use maneuver for massing the effects of combat power to achieve surprise, shock, and momentum. Effective
maneuver requires close coordination with fires. Both tactical and operational maneuver require sustainment support. The movement and maneuver warfighting function includes the following tasks:
 Deploy.
 Move.
 Maneuver.
 Employ direct fires.
 Occupy an area.
 Conduct mobility and countermobility operations.
 Conduct reconnaissance and surveillance.
 Employ battlefield obscuration.
INTELLIGENCE WARFIGHTING FUNCTION
3-17. The intelligence warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations. This warfighting function includes
understanding threats, adversaries, and weather. It synchronizes information collection with the primary tactical tasks of reconnaissance, surveillance, security, and intelligence operations. Intelligence is driven by
commanders and is more than just collection. Developing intelligence is a continuous process that involves analyzing information from all sources and conducting operations to develop the situation. The warfighting
function includes specific intelligence and communication structures at each echelon. The intelligence warfighting function includes the following tasks:
 Support force generation.
 Support situational understanding.
 Provide intelligence support to targeting and information capabilities.
 Collect information.
FIRES WARFIGHTING FUNCTION
3-19. The fires warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that provide collective and
coordinated use of Army indirect fires, air and missile defense, and joint fires through the targeting
process. Army fires systems deliver fires in support of offensive and defensive tasks to create specific
lethal and nonlethal effects on a target. The fires warfighting function includes the following tasks:
 Deliver fires.
 Integrate all forms of Army, joint, and multinational fires.
 Conduct targeting.
SUSTAINMENT WARFIGHTING FUNCTION
3-20. The sustainment warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. The
endurance of Army forces is primarily a function of their sustainment. Sustainment determines the depth and duration of Army operations. It is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative. Sustainment
provides the support necessary to maintain operations until mission accomplishment. The sustainment warfighting function includes the following tasks:
 Conduct logistics.
 Provide personnel services.
 Provide health service support.
PROTECTION WARFIGHTING FUNCTION
3-26. The protection warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. Preserving the force includes protecting personnel (combatants and noncombatants) and physical assets of the United States and multinational military and civilian partners, to include the host nation. The protection warfighting function enables the commander to maintain the force’s integrity and combat power. Protection determines the degree to which potential threats can disrupt operations and then counters or mitigates those threats. Protection is a continuing activity; it integrates all protection capabilities to safeguard bases, secure routes, and protect forces. To ensure maintenance of the critical asset list and the defended asset list and associated resourcing of fixed sites and forces against air and indirect fire threats, air and missile defense participates
in meetings geared to protection activities. The protection warfighting function includes the following tasks:
 Conduct operational area security.
 Employ safety techniques (including fratricide avoidance).
 Implement operations security.
 Implement physical security procedures.
 Provide intelligence support to protection.
 Implement information protection.
 Apply antiterrorism measures.
 Conduct law and order.
 Conduct survivability operations.
 Provide force health protection.
 Conduct chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations.
 Provide explosive ordnance disposal and protection support.
 Coordinate air and missile defense.
 Conduct personnel recovery operations.
 Conduct internment and resettlement.
Sustainment: The related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance.
Protection: The related tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can apply maximum combat power.
ADRP 3-0, Unified Land Operations, May 12, paras 3-7 to 3-26
ADP 3-0, Unified Land Operations, Oct 11, paras

5. Elements of Combat Power
SHOW SLIDE 5: ELEMENTS OF COMBAT POWER
ADRP 3-0, Chap 3, Para Combat power is the total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military unit or formation can apply at a given time. Army forces generate combat power by converting potential into effective action.
ADRP 3-0, Chap 3, Para To execute combined arms operations, commanders conceptualize capabilities in terms of combat power. Combat power has eight elements: leadership, information, mission command, movement and maneuver,
intelligence, fires, sustainment, and protection. The Army collectively describes the last six elements as the warfighting functions. Commanders apply combat power through the warfighting functions using leadership and information.
ADRP 3-0, Chap 3, Para Generating and maintaining combat power throughout an operation is essential to success. Factors contributing to generating combat power include employing reserves, rotating committed forces, and
focusing joint support. Commanders balance the ability to mass lethal and nonlethal effects with the need to deploy and sustain the units that produce those effects. They balance the ability of accomplishing the mission with the ability to project and sustain the force.
ADRP 3-0, Figure 3-1

6. Check on Learning Q. What are the Army Warfighting Functions?
Mission command
Movement and maneuver
Intelligence
Fires
Sustainment
Protection
Q. What are the elements of Combat Power?
A. The elements of combat power are the warfighting functions tied together by leadership.
SHOW SLIDE 6: CHECK ON LEARNING
B – 6
D – Combat Power

7. The Sustainment Warfighting Function
Sustainment is the provision of Logistics, Personnel Services and Health Service Support necessary to maintain and prolong operations until mission accomplishment.
Sustainment sub-functions include:
Logistics
Personnel Services
Health Service Support
Maintenance
Transportation
Supply
Field Services
Distribution
Contracting
General Engineering Support
Human Resources Support
Financial Management
Legal Support
Religious Support
Band Support
Organic and Area Medical Support
Hospitalization
Dental Care
Behavioral Health
Clinical Laboratory and CBRN Patients
Medical Evacuation
Medical Logistics
SHOW SLIDE 7: THE SUSTAINMENT WARFIGHTING FUNCTION
REFERENCE FM 3-0, para 4-20 thru 4-23; FM 4-0, para 1-11 thru 1-31
4-20. The sustainment warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. The endurance of Army forces is primarily a function of their sustainment. Sustainment determines the depth and duration of Army operations. It is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative. Sustainment is the provision of the logistics, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations until mission accomplishment. Internment, resettlement, and detainee operations fall under the sustainment warfighting function and include elements of all three major subfunctions. FM 4-0 describes the sustainment warfighting function.
4-21. Logistics is the science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces. In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations that deal with: a. design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel; b. movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; c. acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities; and d. acquisition or furnishing of services (JP 1-02). Although joint doctrine defines it as science, logistics involves both military art and science. Knowing when and how to accept risk, prioritizing myriad requirements, and balancing limited resources all require military art. Logistics integrates strategic, operational, and tactical support of deployed forces while scheduling the mobilization and deployment of additional forces and materiel.
4-22. Personnel services are those sustainment functions related to Soldiers’ welfare, readiness, and quality of life. Personnel services complement logistics by planning for and coordinating efforts that provide and sustain personnel.
4-23. Health service support consists of all support and services performed, provided, and arranged by the Army Medical Department. It promotes, improves, conserves, or restores the mental and physical wellbeing of Soldiers and, as directed, other personnel. This includes casualty care, which involves all Army Medical Department functions. Health service support closely relates to force health protection.
FM 3-0, Operations, para 4-20
FM 4-0, Sustainment, para 1-11

8. Eight Principles of Sustainment
Allow commanders to visualize and describe the sustainment concept.
Help describe the considerations required to conduct (plan, prepare, execute, and assess) successful operations.
These characteristics are not a checklist; they are guides to analytical thinking and prudent planning.
Essential to maintaining combat power, enabling strategic and operational reach and providing Army forces with endurance.
SHOW SLIDE 8: EIGHT PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINMENT
REFERENCE: FM 4-0, Chapter 1, for a complete definition of each principle.
1-1. The principles of sustainment are essential to maintaining combat power, enabling strategic and operational reach, and providing Army forces with endurance. The principles are integration, anticipation, responsiveness, simplicity, economy, survivability, continuity, and improvisation.
1-2. While these principles are independent, they are also interrelated . For example, in order for commanders to provide responsive sustainment, they must be able to anticipate requirements based on their knowledge and understanding of future operations. Simplicity in planning and executing sustainment increases survivability, improves efficiencies through economy, and facilitates a continuity of resources thus reducing complexity and confusion. When the execution of plans does not proceed as expected, commanders may improvise to meet mission requirements. The most essential principle is integration. Without deliberate integration of Army sustainment with Joint and MNFs and OGA the achievement of these principles becomes impossible.

9. Check on Learning
Q. What are the Sustainment Warfighting sub-functions?
Logistics
Personnel Services
Health Service Support
Q. What are the sub-functions of Personnel Services?
HR Support
Financial Management
Legal Support
Religious Support
Band Support
SHOW SLIDE 9: CHECK ON LEARNING
What are the Sustainment Warfighting sub-functions?
Logistics
Personnel Services
Health Service Support
Q. What are the sub-functions of Personnel Services?
HR Support
Financial Management
Legal Support
Religious Support
Band Support

10. Terminal Learning Objective
LESSON OUTCOME:
This lesson provides a doctrinal overview of sustainment warfighting functions. At the conclusion of this block of instruction, students will understand the relationship sustainment warfighting functions have with combat power.
21ST CENTURY SOLDIER COMPETENCIES:
Teamwork and Collaboration
Communication and Engagement
Tactical and Technical Competence
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Action: Conduct Sustainment Warfighting Function Brief
Conditions: At a STAFFEX, ADRP 3-0, and awareness of Operational Environment (OE), variables and actors.
Standard: Students will achieve the standard when they can with 70% accuracy:
1. Define the Army Warfighting Functions.
2. Define the Sustainment Warfighting Function.
SHOW SLIDE 10: TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE, 21ST CENTURY COMPETENCIES, TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
NOTE: Restate the Terminal Learning Objective (TLO) requirements.