1. India Seeks Self-Rule
Chapter 12 Section 3

2. Calls for Independence
After WWI, Indians were expecting independence.
Amritsar Massacre: April 13, Peaceful protest turned violent when British soldiers kill 400 Indians and injure 1,100.
Turning point for India.

3. Calls for Independence
Indian National Congress Party forms to call for freedom.
Made of mostly middle class, Western-educated Indians.
Muslims feared Hindu majority.
1920s: Mohandas Gandhi emerges as leader.

4. Gandhi and the Power of Non-violence
Middle class Indian family
Studied law in England at age 19
Took vow of poverty and purity

5. Gandhi and the Power of Non-violence
Satyagraha- nonviolent
resistance. The “soul-
force”- the quiet
pursuit of truth;
meditation
Ahimsa- nonviolence
and respect for all life
Love- inspired by
teachings of
Jesus Christ
Gandhi’s
Ideas
Civil Disobedience:
refusal to obey
unjust laws
Democracy and
equality (inspired by
study of English law)

6. Satyagraha: The “Soul-Force” and Quiet Pursuit of Truth.
Sit-in at a lunch counter. Jackson, Mississippi 1963.

7. Nonviolence and Pursuit of Truth: Two Leaders
Mohandas Gandhi
Martin Luther King, Jr.

8. Gandhi’s Stand: The Salt March
British had a salt monopoly in India; Indians could only buy salt from Britain.
March 12, 1930: Gandhi sets out with 78 followers on a 240-mile march to the sea. They collect hundreds of followers along the way.
April 6: Gandhi steps into the sea and picks up lump of sea salt. Arrested and jailed.

9. Gandhi’s Stand: The Salt March
Indians follow his lead. Collect and sell salt themselves; thousands are jailed.
News around the world reports of Britain’s harsh treatment of Indians.
Britain is slowly forced to give more power to India.

10. Looking Ahead
India finally gains independence after WWII, but problems between Muslims and Hindus continued.
August 1947: Two new nations of India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim) are born.
Conflicts between the two nations continue today.