1. Minerals
Chapter 3 p. 74

2. Lesson 1 What is a mineral?
Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms
Organic-living Atom-tiniest part of elements
Element-a part of something
composition-(compose) what things are made of
Many objects in your home are made from minerals-examples: shampoo, deodorant, make up, belt buckle, jewelry, zippers, salt, etc….
Minerals are everywhere-tallest mountain tip to the deepest ocean floor

3. Mineral
Composition
Periodic table of all chemical elements-Minerals have a chemical formula
Minerals form predictable crystal patterns (look at salt under magnifying glass) View pics p. 78
Minerals are solids but not all solids are minerals Liquids and gases are not minerals

4. Structure of
Minerals
Minerals come in different shapes and sizes - usually small though
Usually in grow in tiny clusters
Compare pics on p. 80
Compare table salt, Himalayan salt, and Epson salt
The mineral’s chemical structure makes each one unique

5. Common Minerals
Oxygen and silicon found in Earth’s crust and forms Quartz
Feldspar
Olivine
Pyroxene
Amphibole
Mica
Calcite
Halite
Pics on p. 81

6. How do minerals form? In a variety of environments
Process called crystallization-parts dissolved in a liquid or a melt solidify and forms crystals (hot and cold)
Water flows underground eroding rocks into tiny minerals
Water evaporates and leaves these minerals behind
Minerals also come from magma flowing out of volcanoes

7. Lesson 2 How are minerals identified?
Properties - characteristics
Properties of minerals: color, luster, streak, hardness, fracture, cleavage, density, touch/feel, odor, fluorescence, magnetism
Mineralogists are scientists who study mineral properties and mineral uses
Luster-the way a mineral reflects or absorbs light
Streak-the color of a mineral in powder form (scrape a rock on concrete)
Cleavage breaks smoothly. Fracture breaks unevenly.
Density-how compact or pressed together

8. Does it float or sink?
Volleyballs and bowling balls are the same size but the bowling ball has more density since it is more compact/pressed together
Which one floats? Sinks? You Predict!
Toy soldier? Dice? Marble?
Eraser? Egg? Penny?
Nickel? Dime? Quarter?
Key? Twig? Ping Pong ball?
Golf ball? Bouncy ball?
Watch video on virtual density lab

9. Lesson 3 Uses of Minerals
Where do rocks, bricks, and metals come from?
Average person uses 22K kg of minerals annually
Minerals are mined
Some minerals are metallic or nonmetallic
Watch video on Minerals in our Daily Life

10. A few examples of uses of Minerals
Copper - wiring
Quartz - glass and ceramics
Aluminum - electronics, transportation
Zinc - steel
Sand/Gravel - concrete
Sulfur - rubber
Iron - nails, faucets
Lithium - batteries
Titanium - paint
Silica - glass Pic p. 96

11. Rare/Essential Minerals
Gold and Black Opal. Platinum-only mined in 3 places around the world. Painite- only 2 crystals
ESSENTIAL
Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine, Fluoride
MOST EXPENSIVE
Painite, Blue Diamond ($3.9 M per carat), Black Opal ($3.5K per carat), Platinum, Gold, Rubies, Jadeite ($20K per carat), Blue Garnet, Lithium
HARDEST: Diamond SOFTEST: Talc

12. Gemstones A rare and attractive mineral that can be worn as jewelry
They are cut and polished
Most gemstones are synthetic stones made by man and are less expensive than natural gemstones
Common gemstones: emerald, sapphire, ruby, diamond, amethyst, and peridot
Look at chemical formulas of these gems Pic on p. 98

13. Mohs Scale 1812 Vickers Scale 1921
Rates minerals and gemstones based on hardness
Began with seeing which minerals visibly scratch others
Watch video on Mineral Hardness Test

14. Review for Test
Using textbook and notes, individually complete the graphic organizer on p. 103 Title it Ch 3 Minerals and turn it in with your name on it.
Then work in partners to complete the review on p (1-10) Write in capital letters. Keep answers in your binder. Title it Ch 3 Minerals Review p. 104
Practice Quizlet on Chromebooks/Ipads/Desktops
Know vocabulary in your binder
Study notes from Power Point
Test time: I expect A’s :) #youcandothis