1. Economics 172 Issues in African Economic Development
Lecture 7
February 7, 2006

2. Outline:
Miguel and Kremer (2004) – empirical results on health, externalities, education
Economics 172

3. Health, nutrition impacts (1999)
Group 1 (T) Group 2 (C) G1–G2
Rate of moderate-heavy infection *
Sick in past week *
Height for age *
(Z-score)
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Economics 172

4. Within-school infection externalities (1999)
Group 1 (T) Group 1 (T) Group 2 (C)
(Treated) (Untreated)
Rate of moderate-heavy Infection, 1999
Economics 172

5. Within-school infection externalities (1999)
Group 1 (T) Group 1 (T) Group 2 (C)
(Treated) (Untreated)
Rate of moderate-heavy Infection, 1999
Rate of moderate-heavy Infection, 1998
Economics 172

6. Cross-school infection externalities (1999)
Large reductions in moderate-heavy infection levels within 6 km of treatment schools in 1999
Economics 172

7. Economics 172

8. Economics 172

9. Cross-school infection externalities (1999)
Large reductions in moderate-heavy infection levels within 6 km of treatment schools in 1999
An average reduction in moderate-heavy infections of 23 percentage points in the study area can be attributed to cross-school externalities
Economics 172

10. Educational impacts – school participation
“School participation” data collected by enumerators during unannounced primary school visits
Economics 172

11. Educational impacts – school participation
“School participation” data collected by enumerators during unannounced primary school visits
Group 1 (T) Group 2 (C) Group 3 (C)
Younger girls, and all boys
Older girls ( 13 years)
Pre-school, Grades 1-2
Grades
Economics 172

12. Educational impacts – academic tests
Standardized academic exams administered in grades 3-8 in 1998 and 1999
Why might deworming affect test scores?
Economics 172

13. Educational impacts – academic tests
Standardized academic exams administered in grades 3-8 in 1998 and 1999
Why might deworming affect test scores?
1) Increased time in school (+)
2) Greater efficiency of learning (+)
Economics 172

14. Educational impacts – academic tests
Standardized academic exams administered in grades 3-8 in 1998 and 1999
Why might deworming affect test scores?
1) Increased time in school (+)
2) Greater efficiency of learning (+)
But the average test gain from deworming is zero. Why?
Economics 172

15. Educational impacts – academic tests
Standardized academic exams administered in grades 3-8 in 1998 and 1999
Why might deworming affect test scores?
1) Increased time in school (+)
2) Greater efficiency of learning (+)
But the average test gain from deworming is zero. Why?
Congestion effects in the classroom
Time lags
Economics 172

16. Cost-benefit calculations
Economics 172

17. Economics 172

18. Whiteboard #1
Economics 172

19. Whiteboard #2
Economics 172

20. Whiteboard #3
Economics 172

21. Whiteboard #4
Economics 172

22. Whiteboard #5
Economics 172

23. Map of Africa
Economics 172