1. Migration to Europe and Austria
Figures, facts and financial literacy related aspects
Dr. Zoltán Bakay
10. November 2018

2. In 2016 the EU countries had a net migration gain of 1,539,352 people, while natural change was slightly negative (-15,854 people)
Migration and natural change balances (no. of people)
Source: Eurostat 2

3. Share of foreign-born population by region of birth (2016, %)
Rich nations have and continue to attract the bulk of immigrants, changing the composition of society
Share of foreign-born population by region of birth (2016, %)
Source: Eurostat 3

4. Net annual population change in the EU28 (in 1000 people)
As the ageing of western societies continues population growth increasingly depends on migration
Net annual population change in the EU28 (in 1000 people)
Source: Eurostat 4

5. Number of immigrants to EU countries by citizenship categories
Where do immigrants come from (2015)?
Number of immigrants to EU countries by citizenship categories
Increasing weight of non-EU28 nationals
Source: Eurostat * unknown and stateless 5

6. And where do they go (2015)?
Source: Eurostat 6

7. Composition of immigrants by citizenship and host countries 2015 (in order of highest share of non-EU immigrants)
Source: Eurostat 7

8. Composition of the 1.261.335 asylum seekers in the EU 2016
Composition of top-10 countries
Top-20 „other“ countries
Source: Eurostat 8

9. Decomposition of change by large regions
Austria has experienced massive immigration from both in- and outside the EU
Decomposition of change by large regions
Number of people
The share of foreign-born population in Austria increased from 15.3% in 2009 to 18.9% in 2016, which was largely due to massive immigration from new EU member states and refugees from outside Europe
Source: Statistik Austria 9

10. Number and increase of immigrants by country of birth (2016)
Romanians, Hungarians, Afghans and Syrians have significantly increased their share among immigrants
Number and increase of immigrants by country of birth (2016)
Total number of people from top-10 countries is in 2016 which is an increase of 28.4%
Foreign-born population from all other 231 countries totalled in 2016, representing an increase of persons compared to 2009 (or 39.2%)
Source: Statistik Austria 10

11. Educational attainment and finanical literacy of migrants
10. November 2018

12. Immigrants with low educational levels are overrepresented among the extra-EU28 group
Educational attainment of immigrants from …. (by region of birth) vs native population of reporting country (% of total)
Source: Eurostat

13. Austria manages to attract more immigrants with medium qualification, while UK and CH attract academics
Educational attainment of immigrants to…
(2016, all regions combined, % of total)
Source: Eurostat

14. Pisa scores in Financial Literacy 2015 for immigrants and foreign language natives (OECD averages)
Source: Eurostat

15. Educational attainment of refugees
Source
Population
Low
Medium
High
Central Bureau of Statistics
Syrian population
77.9%
12.6%
9.5%
Battisti and Felbermayr (2015)
Survey among refugees in Turkey
80.0%
11.1%
8.9%
IAB, Brückner (2015, DE)
Employed & unemployed refugees Germany
71.0%
8.0%
AMS (AT)
Registered refugees in Austria
82.3%
14.7%
BAMF (DE)
Survey refugees Germany
62.1%
20.8%
17.1%
Source: Berger et al. 2016
*Attainment categorized by authors according ISCED 1997 (low: 0-2; medium: 3-4; high: 5-6)

16. Thank you for your attention!!
10. November 2018

17. Appendix: Data on incomes of migrants and refugees
10. November 2018

18. Incomes in Europe vary widely, with non-EU immigrants having usually much lower incomes
Levels of average equivalized diposable incomes of local and immigrant population (immigrants from EU28 and Non-EU28 countries, 2015, in Euro)
Source: Eurostat

19. Not only in southern Europe but also in popular destinations like Scandinavia, AT, Benelux and CH especially non-EU immigrants earn much less than the local population
Differences between average equivalized diposable incomes of local and immigrant population (immigrants from EU28 and Non-EU28 countries, 2015, %)
Source: Eurostat

20. Net disposable income levels (2016, in Euro)
Income levels in Europe vary widely
Net disposable income levels (2016, in Euro)
Source: Eurostat

21. Average equivalized diposable income in 1000 SEK by country of birth
Case data from Sweden: income differences over time decrease, but never fully dissappear
Average equivalized diposable income in 1000 SEK by country of birth
Equivalized diposable income in 1000 SEK by duration of stay and country of birth
Source: Swedish Ministry

22. What do typical refugees currently get?
Monthly cash allowance for single asylum applicant in reception center (in Euro/PPS, exc. vouchers and other in-kind hand-outs)
Full-board
Without food
Cash allowances are not more than pocket money, higher disposable incomes depend on whether or not the asylum seeker is granted a working permit
*optional only in selected reception centers
Source: Eurostat

23. Realistically the bulk of migrants and refugees will end up in the area of thousand Euros per year, once they enter the labour market
Mean equivalized incomes for the population with low educational attainment (Euro per year, 2015, net incl. state allowances)
In Austria we would speak of a monthly net income of Euro in 2015
Source: Eurostat