1. What do you know?
Take out your Plickers “Pac Man” cards for a little T/F quiz.

2. Myth #6: Researchers have demonstrated that Dreams possess symbolic meaning
What is consciousness?

3. Getting your zzzzzzz’s
What are you learning about yourself in the sleep log?

4. Sleep We spend 1/3 of our lives sleeping.
How much sleep are you (average teen) supposed to get?
Adults?
Infants?

5. Answer in the margins on your notes guide

6. Are you sleep deprived?
About 71% of our population is sleep deprived!

7. How does a lack of sleep affect you?
Link between lack of sleep and your health (stress, depression)
Studies have also shown a link between lack of sleep and ability to think & perform.
Stress
Depression
Hypertension
heart attacks
Strokes
Type II diabetes
periodontal disease
skin problems
obesity, & cancer

8. Sleep & performance
Typically we should feel wide awake, alert, and energetic all day long WITHOUT a significant midday drop in alertness.

9. Sleep & performance
Dr. James Maas (Cornell University), says we sleep for 2 reasons:
Our bodies run on cycles called circadian rhythms, sleep is one.
*Light is the most powerful cue affecting sleep. Darkness triggers the release of melatonin; the hormone that brings on sleep.

10. Circadian Rhythm How can the circadian rhythm help explain jet lag?
Our 24 hour biological clock.
Our body temperature and awareness changes throughout the day.
It is best to take a test or study during your circadian peaks.
How can the circadian rhythm help explain jet lag?
Sunday night insomnia

11. Sleep & performance
2) The longer we are awake, the GREATER our need for mentally & physically restorative sleep.
*1 hour of sleep to pay for every 2 hours of wakefulness
*Tire after being up for 16 hours.
*Sleep debt is cumulative
The longer you deprive yourself of rest, the more of it you will need to feel rested.

12. Benefits of sleep?
Depends on the stage of sleep: NREM: Stages 1 – 3 Rejuvenates BODY REM: Stage 4 Rejuvenates MIND

13. Measuring sleep…an EEG

14. When you sleep…

15. Sleep stages

16. Sleep Stages There are 4 identified stages of sleep.
It takes about minutes to pass through the 5 stages.
The brain’s waves will change according to the sleep stage you are in.
The first three stages are know as NREM sleep..
The fifth stage is called REM sleep.

17. Stage One
This is experienced as falling to sleep and is a transition stage between wake and sleep.
It usually lasts between 1 and 10 minutes and occupies approximately 2-5 % of a normal night of sleep.
eyes begin to roll slightly.
Hallucinations can occur and feeling of falling.

18. Stage Two This follows Stage 1 sleep and is the "baseline" of sleep.
This stage is part of the 90 minute cycle and occupies approximately 45-60% of sleep. (20 minutes)

19. Stage Three
Stage three is "Delta" sleep or "slow wave" sleep and may last minutes.
Contrary to popular belief, it is delta sleep that is the "deepest" stage of sleep (not REM) and the most restorative.
It is delta sleep that a sleep-deprived person's brain craves the first and foremost.
In children, delta sleep can occupy up to 40% of all sleep time and this is what makes children unawake able or "dead asleep" during most of the night.

20. Stage Five: REM SLEEP REM: Rapid Eye Movement
This is a very active stage of sleep.
Composes % of a normal nights sleep.
Breathing, heart rate and brain wave activity quicken.
Vivid Dreams can occur.
From REM, you go back to Stage 2

21. Stages during one night’s sleep

22. Sleep patterns change over the lifespan

23. Benefits of sleep: REM Vivid Dreaming Paradoxical sleep
MEMORY CONSOLIDATION
Learning
Long-term muscle memory (the skills we practice)

24. REM Sleep
REM Rebound

25. Benefits of sleep: NREM DEEP SLEEP
Blood supply to muscles increases
Tissue growth and repair occurs
Energy is restored
Hormones are released, such as: Growth hormone, essential for growth and development, including muscle development

26. Everyone dreams Recallers vs. non-recallers Sequence of dreams
1: review of problem related to days events
2 & 3rd: recall earlier episodes of day
4: set in the future
5: ties all elements together into 1 bizarre tense
“extravaganza”!

27. Typical dream 2 characters, in addition to the dreamer Indoors
More passive (you are watching)
More hostile/unpleasant
More strange males than females
Male dreams tend to differ from females:
Males: More active, fighting, naked, $$$
Females: More endangered, emotional (not aggressive)

28. REM & dreaming
20 most common dreams: Falling (83) Being attacked or pursued (77) Trying repeatedly to do something (71) School, teachers, studying (71) Sexual experiences (66) Arriving too late (64) Eating (62) Being frozen with fright (58)

29. Being locked up (56)
Finding money (56)
Swimming (52)
Snakes (49)
Being dressed inappropriately (46)
Being smothered (44)
Being nude in public (43)
Fire (41)
Failing an exam (39)
Flying (34)
Seeing self as dead (33)

30. Do dreams having meaning?
Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment
Extensions of daily life-Cognitive Development
Spiritual portal
Activation-synthesis (Hobson & McCarley)

31. Freud’s Wish Fulfillment Theory of Dreams
Dreams are a roadway into our unconscious.
Manifest Content (storyline)
Latent Content (underlying meaning)

32. Activation-Synthesis Theory
Our Cerebral Cortex is trying to interpret random electrical activity we have while sleeping.
That is why dreams sometimes make no sense.
Biological Theory.

33. Information-Processing Theory
Dreams are a way to deal with the stresses of everyday life.
We tend to dream more when we are more stressed.

35. Sleep Disorders

38. Insomnia Persistent problems falling asleep or staying asleep
Effects 10% of the population
Primary versus Secondary Insomnia

39. Narcolepsy
Suffer from sleeplessness and may fall asleep at unpredictable or inappropriate times.
Directly into REM sleep
Less than .001 % of population.
Rusty and poodle clips

41. Sleep Apnea A person stops breathing during their sleep.
Wake up momentarily, gasps for air, then falls back asleep.
Very common, especially in heavy males.
Can be fatal.

42. Night Terrors Wake up screaming and have no idea why. Not a nightmare.
Most common in children (boys) between ages 2-8.

43. Somnambulism Sleep Walking
Most often occurs during the first few hours of sleeping and in stage 3 (deep sleep).
If you have had night terrors, you are more likely to sleep walk when older.

44. Sleepwalking
The sleep walking activity may include simply sitting up and appearing awake while actually asleep, getting up and walking around, or complex activities such as moving furniture, going to the bathroom, dressing and undressing, and similar activities. Some people even drive a car while actually asleep. The episode can be very brief (a few seconds or minutes) or can last for 30 minutes or longer.
One common misconception is that a sleep walker should not be awakened. It is not dangerous to awaken a sleep walker, although it is common for the person to be confused or disoriented for a short time on awakening. Another misconception is that a person cannot be injured when sleep walking. Actually, injuries caused by such things as tripping and loss of balance are common for sleep walkers.

45. A Sleepwalking Murder?
Is Stephen Reitz guilty of conscious murder?

46. Inside the Teenage Mind from ZZZ’s to A’s