1. Ki-Joune Li http://lik.pnu.kr lik@pnu.kr
Geospatial Standards
Ki-Joune Li

2. Why Standards – To avoid duplication
Cost for
Construction
Cost based on Standards
Cost Reduction
Amount of Reduced Cost
Private Sector
Public Sector
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

3. Why Standards – To avoid duplication
Producer ?
Consumer
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

4. Why Standards – To avoid Monopolization
Producer
Producer
Consumer
Producer
Consumer
Producer
Producer
Producer
Consumer
Producer
Standard
Prevent big companies from monopolizing the market and provide more opportunities to small companies
Consumer and Producer
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

5. Why Standards – To avoid Monopolization
Services
Services
Services
Services
Services
Services
Small Vendor C
Enterprise GIS
Small Vendor A
Enterprise GIS
Small Vendor D
Small Vendor B
One big
Vendor
Environments with geospatial standards
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

6. Governance Structure of Geospatial Standards
De Jury Standards
Regulations
Industrial Standards
Industrial Standards : TTA
National Standards: KS
International Standards: ISO
International Standards: OGC
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7. International Standard Organizations
ISO/TC211
Geographic Information
De Jury Standards
Abstract Standards
OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)
Industrial Standards
Implementation Standards
Liaison between ISO/TC211 and OGC
and
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
W3C (WWW Consortium)
IHO (International Hydrographic Organization)
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

8. ISO/TC211 Geographic Information/Geomatics
Chairman: Ms.  Christina Wasström Land Survey 
Secretariat: Ms. Therése Andrén Swedish Standards Institute
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9. ISO/TC211 – Members 39 Participating (P) members
28 Observing (O) members
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10. ISO/TC211 – WG 1 WG 1: Framework and Reference Model
Convenor: Andrew Jones from Australia
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11. ISO/TC211 – WG 4 WG 4: Geospatial Services
Convenor: Morten BorreBaek from Norway
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12. ISO/TC211 – WG 6 WG 6: Imagery Convenor: Doug O'Brien from Canada
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13. ISO/TC211 – WG 7 WG 7: Information Communities
Convenor: Antony Cooper from South Africa
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14. ISO/TC211 – WG 9 WG 9: Information Management
Convenor: John Herring from USA
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15. ISO/TC211 – WG 10 WG 10: Ubiquitous Public Access
Convenor: Sang-Ki Hong from South Korea
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16. ISO/TC211 – Project Stages
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17. ISO/TC211 – Project Stage Process
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18. ISO/TC211 – Project Stages (Example)
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19. OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)
Most Influential Organization in Geospatial Community
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20. OGC – Current Members OGC Asia Forum OGC Europe Forum
517 members (Jan. 17, 2017)
OGC Asia Forum
OGC Europe Forum
OGC ILAF (Iberian and Latin-American Forum)
OGC Nordic Forum
OGC France Forum
OGC India Forum
OGC Korea Forum
OGC UK & Ireland Forum
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

21. OGC – Current members Recent Increase of Asian Members
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22. Government-Subnational/Local: 50
OGC – Current members
Voting Members
Strategic: 4
Principal: 18
Technical: 72
Associate: 119
Small Company: 47
Government-Subnational/Local: 50
NGO/Non-Profit
University: 113
Individual: 29
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

23. OGC - Documents Abstract Specifications OGC Reference Model
OGC Standards
Best Practices
Engineering Reports
Discussion Papers
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

24. OGC – Structure
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25. OGC – Structure OGC Staff: about 23 staffs OAB and NA
President: Mark Reichardt
CTO: Carl Reed
OAB and NA
OAB: OGC Architecture Board
NA: Naming Authority
DWG, SWG, and SIG
DWG: Domain Working Group
SWG: Standard Working Group
SIG: Special Interest Group (e.g. GovSIG)
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

26. OGC – Standard List
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27. OGC – How to make an IS
Defined by P&P
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28. OGC – How to make an IS
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

29. Classification of Geospatial Standards
Construction
Services
Theories
Storage and Management
Sharing
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

30. Geospatial Standards – Base Standards
19101 – Reference Model
19104 – Terminology
19103 – Conceptual Schema Language
19105 – Conformance and Testing
19146 – Cross-domain
Vocabularies
19107 – Spatial Schema
19123 – Schema for Coverage Geometry and Functions
19108 – Temporal Schema
19111 – Spatial Referencing by Coordinates
19106 – Profile
19129 – Imagery, Gridded and Coverage Data Framework (TS)
19112 – Spatial Referencing by Identifiers
19137 – Core Profile of the Spatial Schema
19109 – Rule for Application Schema
19121 – Imagery and Gridded Data (TR)
19148 – Linear Referencing
19150 – Ontologies
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

31. Geospatial Standards – Construction
19115 – Metadata
19131 – Data Product Specification
19157 – Data Quality
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

32. Geospatial Standards – Management
19110 – Methodology for
Feature Cataloguing
19120 – Functions (TR)
19122 – Qualification and certification of personnel (TR)
19126– Feature Concept Dictionaries
and Registers
19135– Procedures for Item Registration
19145 – Registry of representation of geographic point location
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

33. Geospatial Standards – Measurement/Imagery
19123 – Schema for Coverage Geometry and Functions
19129 – Imagery, Gridded and Coverage Data Framework (TS)
19121 – Imagery and Gridded Data (TR)
19130 – Geodetic Codes and Parameters (TS)
OGC – Coordinate Transformation
19130 – Imagery Senor Models for Geo-positioning
19156 – Observation and Measurements
OGC – SWE Common
Data Model
OGC – SWE Service Model
OGC – Sensor Model
Language
OGC – Sensor Observation Service
OGC – Sensor Planning Service
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

34. Geospatial Standards – Sharing
19118 – Encoding
19115 – Metadata
OGC – GeoAPI
19139 – Metadata -- XML Schema Implementation
OGC/19125 – Simple Feature Access
OGC/19136 – GML
OGC/19128 – Web Map Services
19157 – Data Quality
OGC/19143 – Filter Encoding
OGC/19142 – Web Feature Services
OGC/19142 – Web Coverage Services
19149 – GeoREL
19153 – GeoDRM
Reference Model
OGC/19142 – Web Process Services
OGC/19142 – Web Map Tile Services
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li

35. Geospatial Standards – Services
19116 – Positining Services
19117 – Portrayal
19132 – LBS Reference Model
19133 – LBS Tracking and Navigation
OGC - OpenLS
19144 – Classification System (Land Cover)
19134 – LBS Multimodal Routing and Navigation
19147 – Transfer Nodes
19141 – Schema for Moving Features
OGC/19136 – GML
19152 – Land Administration Domain Model
OGC – CityGML
OGC – IndoorGML
19160 – Addressing
OGC – KML
19154 – Ubiquitous Public Access-Reference Model
19155 – Place Identifier
© 2017 Ki-Joune Li