2. Chapter 5
Purchasing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

3. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS5
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 1.0 Mobile devices
Objective 1.2 Be familiar with cellular-enabled tablets
Domain 3.0 Computer software architecture
Objective 3.12 Know how to install, uninstall, update, repair software
Objective 3.13 Troubleshooting

4. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS5
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 4.0 Backup and restore
Objective 4.2 Know how to back up and restore
Objective 4.3 Know how to complete a full system restore on a personal device

5. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS4
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 3.0 Computer software and concepts
Objective 3.4 Software tools
Domain 4.0 Troubleshooting
Objective 4.1 Software
Objective 4.2 Hardware
Objective 4.3 Devices and peripherals

6. Section
5.1
Purchasing a System

7. Essential Question
How can conducting a needs assessment save you money when purchasing a computer?

8. Section 5.1 Learning Goals
After completing this section, you will be able to:
Identify basic computer models.
Perform a needs assessment for a computer system.
Describe recommended standard computer configurations.

9. Terms
all-in-one computer
computer model
needs assessment

10. Computer Models Computer model is the form the computer takes
Three basic models
Desktop
Laptop
Mobile devices

11. Computer Models Desktop Common in office settings More for the money
Balance larger size against portability
Basic configuration at about $600
High-end between $2,000 and $3,000

12. Computer Models Laptop Similar performance to desktop
Lightness, portability makes them desirable
Basic configuration at about $1,000
High-end as much as $5,000

13. Computer Models Tablet Mobile devices noted for compact size
Data entry limited to touch screen
Small screen models at 7 to 15
Longer battery life than laptop
Basic tablet at about $300
High-end at about $500

14. Needs Assessment
Needs assessment is a process of examining the current condition or state and determining how it differs from the desired condition or state
Intended use determines configuration
Needs of the user most important
Productivity vs. game play use
Decisions affect size of memory, disk, software, etc.

15. Recommended Standard Configurations
Cost rises with capability
Functional configurations:
Desktop: 1 TB storage, 24 monitor ≈ $600
Laptop: 500 GB storage, 15 screen ≈ $500–$700
All-in-one computers have all of the hardware, input devices, processor, and display contained in a single unit
Laptop: 500 GB storage, 15 screen ≈ $500
Tablet: 64 GB storage, 10 display ≈ $500

16. Section 5.1 Review
1. What are the three basic models of personal computers? Desktops, laptops, and mobile devices 2. Which model of computer generally provides more computer for the money than other models? Desktop

17. Section 5.1 Review
3. What is a needs assessment? A process of examining the current condition or state and determining how it differs from the desired condition or state. 4. Which needs are the most important when conducting a needs assessment? The needs of the user.

18. Section 5.1 Review
5. What is an all-in-one computer? One in which all of the hardware, including input devices, processor, and display, are contained in a single unit.

19. Section 5.1 Review
IC3 Certification Practice Which of these types of computers cannot be classified as a mobile device? A. Phablet B. Desktop C. Smartphone D. Tablet

20. Section
5.2
Basic Maintenance

21. Essential Question
What impact does computer maintenance have on your productivity?

22. Section 5.2 Learning Goals
After completing this section, you will be able to:
Identify basic hardware maintenance tasks.
Describe software maintenance tasks.

23. Terms disk cleanup hardware maintenance repair function sectors
software maintenance

24. Maintaining the Hardware
Hardware maintenance is the process of keeping the computer in working order
Ventilation system is most prone inside
Keyboard is most prone outside
Keyboard
Avoid contaminants such as food and drink
Small vacuum cleaner sucks away debris
Compressed air forces out particles
Mild cleaning fluid for keys

25. Maintaining the Hardware
Ventilation
Computers generate heat
Internal fans maintain safe temperatures
Vacuum or spray air to clean fans
Desktops need good circulation around them
Turn off when not in use

26. Maintaining the Hardware
Andrew Safonov/Shutterstock.com

27. Maintaining the Hardware
Monitor
Cleaning procedures differ depending on type
Turn monitor off before cleaning
CRT monitors can be cleaned with glass cleaner
LCD and LED monitors scratch easily
Soft, dry cloth
Small amount of rubbing alcohol

28. Maintaining the Software
Software maintenance is keeping programs in good working order
Remove and reinstall corrupted programs
Repair functions allow the current installation to be corrected without completely uninstalling and reinstalling the software
Keep up to date on updates

29. Maintaining the Software
Disk Cleanup
Disk cleanup is an automated process of removing unneeded files
Removes temp files, outdated system files
Disk cleanup utility accessed via Control Panel

30. Maintaining the Software
Disk Defragmenter
Hard drives store files in locations on the hard drive called sectors
May not be contiguous
Reorganizes files
Defragmenter utility accessed via Control Panel
Optimize Your Drives (Windows 10 and 8)
Disk Defragmenter (Windows 7)

31. Maintaining the Software
Virus and Malware Scans
Viruses and malware programs designed to do damage
Antivirus, antimalware programs defend
Virus and malware scans should be run regularly

32. Section 5.2 Review
1. What is the best advice for avoiding a malfunctioning keyboard? Follow the no-eating, no-drinking rule when using the computer. 2. Which model of computer is the most prone to overheating? Laptops

33. Section 5.2 Review
3. What does a software repair function allow? The current installation to be corrected without completely uninstalling and reinstalling the software. 4. Which Windows utility automates the process of removing unneeded files? Windows Disk Cleanup 5. What are the locations on a hard drive where file data are saved? Sectors

34. Troubleshooting Basics
Section
5.3
Troubleshooting Basics

35. Essential Question
Why is it important for all computer users to have basic troubleshooting skills?

36. Section 5.3 Learning Goals
After completing this section, you will be able to:
Explain a basic procedure for troubleshooting computer problems.
Identify the steps for analyzing hardware problems.
Describe common troubleshooting steps for software problems.

37. Terms device firmware upgrade (DFU) mode factory-default settings
hard reboot
hard stop
rebooting
restore point
safe mode
soft reboot
task manager
troubleshooting

38. Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is systematically analyzing the problem to find a solution
Identify symptom of problem
Check for power on
Check display for messages
Use Windows Help and Support
Visit online forums
Ask a friend
Contact technical support

39. Troubleshooting Rebooting may solve a hardware problem
Rebooting is restarting the system
Soft reboot is using the restart function of the operating system; also called a warm reboot
Hard reboot is powering down the system and then restarting it; also called a cold reboot

40. Troubleshooting
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

41. Troubleshooting Getting Troubleshooting Help
Windows Help accessed via [F1] key
Help is context sensitive
Press [F1] in an application: help is for application
Press [F1] in the desktop: help is Windows help
Forums hold previous conversations of help
Help feature replaces printed manuals
Search for online versions in PDF or HTML format
Search model of component with “user manual”

42. Troubleshooting Safe Mode
Safe mode is a Windows boot setting in which the computer starts up with the minimum of functions necessary to run
Computer starts up with minimum functions
Helps isolate problems

43. Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Checklist
Good to have a set sequence of steps to follow
First stage is assess problem
Second stage is apply fixes

44. Troubleshooting
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

45. Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
Hard stop occurs when computer ceases to function
“Blue screen of death”
System cannot recover from error
Computer can no longer understand input

46. Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
Analysis
Write down error messages
Check LEDs and cables
Restart device
Check for overheating
Run antispyware, antivirus, antimalware
Use Windows troubleshooting feature

47. Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
Firmware
Firmware is permanently installed software
Firmware may need an upgrade
iOS devices have a device firmware upgrade (DFU) mode that provides the ability to upgrade or downgrade the firmware
Cables and Connections
Verify cables are in good condition
Inspect connectors

48. Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
Troubleshooting Devices and Peripherals
Always download and install the newest drivers
External Storage
Reboot system with device connected
Properly remove external storage devices
Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media
Eject

49. Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

50. Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
Troubleshooting Devices and Peripherals
Printers
Check display for messages
Reinstall device driver
OS Versioning
Match drivers to OS version
New OS version may require new device drivers

51. Troubleshooting Software Problems
Operating Systems
Composed of many different programs
OS may be corrupted
Try reboot
Check for most recent version

52. Troubleshooting Software Problems
Using Task Manager
Task manager analyzes what is going on in the system and reports the results.
Launch with [Ctrl][Alt][Delete] key combo
Stop nonresponding applications or terminate processes

53. Troubleshooting Software Problems
Windows Startup Programs
List of programs launched at boot time
System configuration utility manages startups
System Restore
Returns system files and settings to the state they were in, or restore point, at an earlier date or time
Does not affect user documents

54. Troubleshooting Software Problems
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

55. Section 5.3 Review
1. What is the difference between a soft reboot and a hard reboot? A soft reboot involves using the restart function, while a hard reboot involves turning off the system and turning it back on. 2. What is safe mode in Windows? A boot setting in which the computer starts up with the minimum of functions necessary to run.

56. Section 5.3 Review
3. What has been nicknamed “the blue screen of death” in the Windows environment? A hard stop 4. Which utility in Windows can be used to stop a process or application that is not responding? Task Manager 5. Which utility restores the hard drive to a previously saved point? System Restore