1. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Bio CP

2. Organic
Organic: compounds that contain the element Carbon (in the presence of Hydrogen)
Example:
CH4 and C6H12O6 are “organic”
CO2 and H2O are “inorganic”

3. Functional groups
Most organic compounds contain functional groups (structural blocks that determine the characteristics of the compound)
Example: -OH (hydroxyl group)
-COOH (carboxyl group)
-NH2 (amino group)

4. Monomer
Mono: one
Single units/ building blocks
Ex: Bricks

5. Polymer Poly: many A long molecule of repeating monomers
Ex: Brick wall

6. Four Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

7. 1. Carbohydrates Elements: C, H, O Function: Daily energy
Special feature: H:O ratio is 2:1
Ex: C6H12O6

8. Carbohydrate: Monosaccharide
Monomer: Monosaccharide (single unit of sugar C6H12O6)
Three monosaccharides:
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
-ose (sugar) 1 2 1 3 2 5 12 4 5 9 7 6 11 3 6 10 4 8

9. Carbohydrate: Disaccharide
Polymer:
Disaccharide: two monomers
Formed by dehydration synthesis
Three disaccharides:
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose (“sugar”)

10. Molecular formula for dissacharides
C6H12O6 +
C6H12O6
C12H22O11 + H2O
C12H24O12
WRONG!

11. Carbohydrate: Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides
Poly = “many”
Thousands of monomers linked together
Polymer (starch)
Polymer (cellulose)
monomer

12. Carbohydrate: Polysaccharides
Examples:
Cellulose
Polysaccharide found in plant cell walls
Indigestible
Chitin
Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons (shells)

13. Carbohydrate: Polysaccharides
Starch
Storage of polysaccharides in plants
Glycogen
Storage of polysaccharides in animals

14. 2. Lipids Elements: C, H, O Function: Energy storage
Special feature: Carboxyl group (-COOH)

15. Lipids: Glycerol, fatty acids
Monomers:
Glycerol
Fatty acids (carboxyl group + hydrocarbon chain)
Brad Pitt in 20 years

16. Lipids: Triglyceride Polymer: Triglyceride One glycerol 3 fatty acids
Lose 3 water molecules during condensation reaction

17. Saturated Fats Carbon chain with only single covalent bond
Except for double bond in carboxyl group
Hard at room temperature
Ex: butter

18. Unsaturated Fats Carbon chains with one or more double bonds
Produces “kinks” in chain
Soft at room temperature
Ex: oil

19. 3. Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N Functions: Acts as enzymes
Material to build “everything”

20. Protein Structure Special features: Carboxyl group Amino group
Central carbon
“R” group (variable)
Determines unique physical and chemical characteristics
(radical group)
(amino group)
(carboxyl group)
(central carbon)

21. Amino acids/polypeptides
Monomer: Amino acids
There are only 20 different amino acids.
Amino acids only differ in their “R” group.
“-ine”
Alanine, methionine, leucine
Polymer: Dipeptides and polypeptides
Amino acids bonded by peptide bond

22. Protein examples Examples: hormones,
tendons, hemoglobin, muscle, amylase

23. 4. Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, N, P
Function: store and transmit genetic material

24. Nucleic Acid Monomer Monomer: nucleotide A phosphate group
nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base
deoxyribose (sugar)

25. Monomer: Nucleotide Monomer: Nucleotide Nucleotide includes 3 parts:
Phosphate group
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Nitrogen Base
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

26. Nucleic Acid Polymer
Polymer: DNA, RNA
Ex: DNA, RNA, ATP

27. Review: Identify Amino acid Lipid/ Fatty Acid Purine/Nitrogen Base
Glycerol
Phosphate group
Carbohydrate/ Ribose
Carbohydrate