1. Organic Chemistry
Benzene
The Condensed Version

2. Alkanes
Hydrocarbon chains - all the bonds between carbons are SINGLE bonds
Name uses the ending –ane
Prefix to denote the number of carbon atoms.
Their general formula is CnH2n + 2.

3. Prefixes for # of Carbons1
Meth- 6
Hex- 2
Eth- 7
Hept- 3
Prop- 8
Oct- 4
But- 9
Non- 5
Pent- 10
Dec-

4. Attached Side Chains Attached carbon groups end in –yl Methyl = CH3 -
Ethyl = CH3CH2-
Propyl  = CH3CH2CH2 –     
The location for each attached group is designated by a number.
3-ethylpentane

5. Structural Formulas 2-methylpentane
In an alkane, all C atoms have sp3 hybridization; therefore, bond angles are 109.5°.

6. Name these compounds

7. Draw these Alkanes 2-methylpentane 3-ethylhexane 2,2-dimethylbutane

8. Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes are represented by polygons. Their general formula is CnH2n.

9. Isomers
Isomers: Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures.

10. Properties of Isomers Isomers are completely different compounds.
Due to their different structures, they possess different physical properties i.e. melting point, boiling point, and density, as well as chemical properties.

11. Learning Check Draw all possible structural isomers of C5H12 n-pentane
isopentane or
methyl butane
isopentane or
dimethyl propane

12. Alkenes and Alkynes Unsaturated (“not full”)
contain carbon-carbon double and triple bond to which more hydrogen atoms can be added.
Alkenes: carbon-carbon double bonds
Alkynes: carbon-carbon triple bonds.

13. Naming Alkenes Alkenes uses the ending – ene
Their general formula is CnH2n
The C atoms that participate in the double bond have sp2 hybridization plus one pi bond. The bond angle is about 120°.
1-butene
2-butene
ethene

14. Naming Alkynes Alkynes uses the ending – yne
Their general formula is CnH2n -2
The C atoms that participate in the double bond have sp hybridization plus two pi bonds. The bond angle is 180°.
2-pentyne
ethyne

15. Aromatic Compounds and Benzene
Aromatic compounds contain benzene.
Benzene, C6H6 , is represented as a six carbon ring with 3 alternating double bonds.
Two possible resonance structures can be drawn to show benzene in this form.
What empirical evidence suggests resonance structures?

16. Benzene Side Groups
When benzene is attached to a parent chain (R), it is referred to as a phenyl group.
Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)

17. Addition Reactions
Alkenes and Alkynes can undergo an addition reaction to become saturated.
Hydrogen gas (H2) or a halogen is added.
Halogenated hydrocarbons are named by adding a prefix on the name of the hydrocarbon.
Fluoro (F-)
Chloro (Cl-)
Bromo (Br-) + Cl2 
Iodo (I-)
1, 2-dicholorpropane

18. Functional Groups
Alcohol
Ether
Aldehyde
Ketone
Thiol

19. Isomers and Functional Groups
Alcohols and Ethers (C3H8O)
Aledyhdes and Ketones (C3H6O)

20. Comparison of Boiling Points
Which would have the higher boiling point?

21. Isomers of C4H10O
Why do some isomers have a higher boiling point?

22. More Functional Groups
Carboxylic Acid
Amine
Amino Acid
lysine
alanine
tryptophan
phenylalanine

23. Hydrogen Bonding
Carboxylic Acids have strong H-bonds.

24. One More Functional Group
Ester – formed by dehydration synthesis 

25. Identify the functional groups
Carboxylic Acid
Aldehyde
Ether
Thiol
Alcohol
Amine
Ketone
Ester